Introduction to Word Parts Chapter 1 Introduction to Word Parts Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chapter 1 Lesson 1.1 Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1-2

Objectives Describe four origins of medical terms. Identify and define the four word parts and combining forms. Analyze and define medical terms. Build medical terms for given definitions. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Understand the Content of Chapter 1 Before Moving on to Chapter 2 Chapter 1 is the most important chapter in the text because it is here that you are introduced to word parts—word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and combining vowels—and the rules for combining them to build medical terms. You will use this information in each of the subsequent chapters to analyze, build, define, and spell terms built from word parts. Ask students for examples of medical or professional terminology that they have encountered in the past. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Medicine Has a Language of Its Own Current medical vocabulary includes terms built from Greek and Latin word parts, eponyms, acronyms, and terms from modern language Eponyms: a word based on the name of a person, such as Parkinson disease, or bundle of His Acronyms: a word formed from the first letters of the words in a set phrase, such as SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Origins of Medical Language What are the main source languages for medical terminology? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question The medical term SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) is an example of a(an) term built from word parts acronym eponym term taken from modern language Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Four Word Parts Word Root: fundamental meaning of a medical term – the core of the word Prefix: attached to beginning of a medical term to modify its meaning Suffix: attached to end of a medical term to modify its meaning Combining Vowel: used to ease pronunciation – usually an “o” Word root: the core of a word. Each medical term contains at least one word root. A prefix often indicates a number, direction, time, or negation. A suffix often indicates a procedure or condition. A combining vowel is used to connect two word roots or a word root and a suffix. It is not used to connect a prefix and word root. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Table 1.1 Guidelines for Using Combining Vowels Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Examples Word Roots: arthr: joint hepat: liver ven: vein oste: bone Prefixes: intra-: within Suffixes: -itis: inflammation -ous: pertaining to Combining vowel: o hepat: liver oste: bone sub-: under -ic: pertaining to -pathy: disease What is the difference between a word root and a prefix? What is the difference between a prefix and suffix? What is the purpose of adding a combining vowel to a medical term? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question The word part that is the core of the word is a combining vowel suffix word root prefix Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Combining Form Word Root + Combining Vowel Examples: arthr/o hepat/o ven/o oste/o The word parts are separated by vertical slashes. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Table 1.2 Word Parts and Combining Form Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Some Basic Rules All medical terms have at least one word root Not all medical terms have a prefix, suffix, or combining vowel Combining vowels are used to connect word roots or word root and suffix When a suffix begins with a vowel, the combining vowel is usually not used Why is it important to understand the basic rules of combining word parts into medical terms? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Some Basic Rules (cont’d.) When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if vowels are present at the junction Example: oste/o/arthr/itis Usually medical terms are defined by starting at the end of the term and going back to the beginning Example: oste/o/arthr/itis–inflammation of the bone and joints Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Some Basic Rules (cont’d.) A few terms are more easily and accurately defined by starting at the beginning of the term. Example: melan/oma melan = black -oma = tumor Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question If vowels are present at the junction of two word roots (such as oste and arthr) in a medical term, a combining vowel is usually still used not used used twice the letter i Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Table 1.3 Techniques To Learn Medical Terms Built From Words Parts Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Word Parts for Practice Word Roots: (Comb. Forms) arthr/o: joint hepat/o: liver ven/o: vein osteo: bone Combining Vowel: o Prefixes: intra-: within sub-: under Suffixes:  -itis: inflammation  -ic: pertaining to  -ous: pertaining  -pathy: disease What medical terms can be formed by the word parts listed on the slide? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analyze and Define arthritis intravenous osteitis osteoarthritis subhepatic osteopathy arthropathy hepatitis Which term has a suffix meaning “inflammation”? Which term has a root meaning “bone”? Which term has two root words? Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Building Medical Terms inflammation of a joint pertaining to within a vein inflammation of the bone inflammation of the bone and joint pertaining to under the liver disease of the bone disease of the joint inflammation of the liver Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint / inflammation. What term is formed by the word parts indicated on the slide? (osteoarthritis) 1. 2. 1. Normal knee joint. 2. Knee joint showing bone / cv / joint / inflammation. Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clicker Question arthr/o/path/y arthr/o/pathy arthr/o/pathy Which of the following is analyzed correctly? WR CV S S arthr/o/path/y CF WR CV S arthr/o/pathy CF a) b) P CV S arthr/o/pathy CF c) Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Grimm Cartoon Copyright © 2009, 2006 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.