Origin of Life

Early Atmosphere: Average surface temp: 4000C Average surface temperature 200C

Oparin’s Hypothesis Life emerged from primordal soup due to early atmosphere conditions.

Miller and Urey

Why was the presence of amino acids considered a success?

Abiogenesis Spontaneous generation:

Biogenesis

Redi

Pasteur

Development of Eukaryotes

Review Questions How did Pasteur’s experiment finally disprove spontaneous generation? Review Oparin’s hypothesis and explain how it was tested experimentally. Why do scientist think the first living cells to appear on Earth were probably anaerobic heterotrophs? How would the increasing number of photosynthesizing organisms on Earth have affected both Earth and its other organisms? Using book page 383. Make a flowchart sequencing the evolution of life from protocells to eukaryotes.

Evidence of Early life on Planet: 1. Rock evidence: 2. Fossil Record: Position of fossils

Evolution: Change in species phenotype and/or behavior over time.

Linnaeus

Lamark

Mathus

Darwin Traveled on the HMS beagle as a naturalist.

Darwin

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Common Descent

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Common Descent

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 2. Variations:

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Variations: mutations: Sexual Reproduction

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 3. Competition

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 4. More offspring produced than survive:

Darwin’s Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection 5. Only fittest survive or is selected

BQ: 4/6 1. What are Darwin’s 5 points of natural selection? 2. How does over production of offspring play a role in natural selection? 3. Contrast abiogenesis and biogenesis.

Create your own scenario that shows natural selection. Population of species: (original population) differences within the species. Environmental changes: Species with favorable traits (naturally selected for): Species selected against: New population: Write a story describing the above. You can include pictures or make it like a comic.

Evidence of Evolution Fossils:

Evidence of Evolution 2. Homologous structures

Evidence of Evolution 3. Vestigial Structures

Evidence of Evolution 4. Analogous structures:

Evidence of Evolution 5. Biochemical similarities:

Evidence of Evolution 6. Embryology

Types of Evolution Co-evolution:

Types of Evolution Geographic Isolation::

Types of Evolution Pesticide Resistance:

Types of Evolution Antibiotic Resistance:

1. Describe what the picture is representing. 2. Why does a doctor tell you to finish your meds?

What types of trends to you see in each country?

How does this data table support need to use antibiotics correctly?

Phylogenetic Trees What animal is most closely related to the squirrel?

Bacteria and Viruses Microbe Bacteria Viruses Size Larger Very small Cell Type Prokaryotic: has plasma membrane, DNA, ribosomes No cell DNA or RNA surrounded by protein Treatment Antibiotics Anti-Viral, vaccines Alive Living NOT Living Examples Streptococcus (Strep) Flu. HIV, Small pox

Important Definitions Disease - any change from a state of health Infection - invasion of the body by a pathogenic microorganism Pathogen - disease causing agent Virus - particle of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids Antibiotic - chemical that stops the growth and reproduction of bacteria

Important Definitions Antigen – substance that triggers an immune response Bacteria – singe-celled microscopic organism that is capable of rapid reproduction Immunization – use of vaccines to protect from pathogens Vaccine – stimulated the production of antibodies; injection or oral

Immune Response to Pathogens (Viruses and Bacteria) Active Immunity – response of the immune system when exposed to an Antigen (pathogens that trigger an Immune response) Ex: Vaccination Antibodies – Proteins that fight disease B Cells – make antibodies and memory cells Memory Cells – stores antibodies produced from initial exposure to disease T Cells – help B Cells and kill infected cells

Immune Response to Diseases (Viruses and Bacteria) Passive Immunity – Antibodies from another organism are injected into the blood stream (Ex: Breast Feeding) Skin provides the first line of defense

Complete the chart above. Distinguish between active and passive immunity.