Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power Seminario ”Retos energéticos en el siglo XXI: la energia nuclear como paerte de la solucion” Santander, 22 July 2005 Public Acceptance of Nuclear Power Ms Tellervo Taipale Programme Manager, Communication WANO Paris Centre

Ms Tellervo Taipale Finnish Public Information Manager TVO, Olkiluoto NPP, for 7 years Communication Manager WANO Paris Centre since May 2004.

World Association of Nuclear Operators

Why did WANO begin? After the accident at the Chernobyl NPP in 1986, nuclear operators world-wide realised that international cooperation was needed to ensure that such an accident can never happen again. WANO was formed in 1989 by nuclear operators world-wide.

The WANO Mission To maximise the safety and reliability of the operation of nuclear power plants by exchanging information and encouraging communication, comparison and emulation amongst its members.

Introduction to the Finnish Nuclear Industry

Nuclear Power Plants in Finland Olkiluoto NPP, TVO Loviisa NPP, Fortum OL1 BWR 840 MW, 1978 OL2 BWR 840 MW, 1980 Both Westinghouse Atom LO1 PWR 488 MW, 1977 LO2 PWR 488 MW, 1979 Olkiluoto Loviisa Helsinki

Teollisuuden Voima Oy, TVO Privately owned generating company Personnel about 600 Revenue some EUR 200 mill. Sells electricity only to the shareholders at cost basis Two existing NPP units (OL1 and OL2, total annual output about 14 TWh) Third NPP unit under construction (OL3). Subsidiaries Posiva Oy for Nuclear waste management TVO Nuclear Services Oy for know-how consulting.

Electric Power Supply in Finland 2004* Net imports 5.6 % Hydro 17.0 % Oil 2.1 % Wind 0.1 % Coal 18.2 % Peat 7.5 % Biomass 11.7 % Natural gas 11.6 % Waste 1.1 % *by energy sources. In total 86.8 TWh. Nuclear 25.1 %

Electricity Consumption in Finland 20 40 60 80 100 120 TWh 20 40 60 80 100 120 TWh Forecast 106 TWh 96 TWh Statistic 1930 40 50 60 70 80 90 2000 2010 2020

Nuclear Waste Management Teollisuuden Fortum Power Government Regulations Voima and Heat Ministry of Trade POSIVA Licensing and Industry Research Institutes STUK- Radiation and Universities Nuclear Safety Supervision Consultants, Contractors Authority

Current Nuclear Waste Management Low Level Waste (LLW) Intermediate Level Waste (ILW) Spent fuel Funds collected for future costs. LLW and ILW Underground repositories at the NPP sites. Interim storages at the NPP sites Construction of the underground site started.

Repository for LLW and ILW at Olkiluoto Control building Transport tunnel Shaft Research tunnel Excavation tunnel Silo for ILW Silo for LLW

How is a new NPP unit possible?

Arguments for the new NPP Unit Covers partly the additional electricity demand and replaces old power plants Enables, together with renewables, the fulfilment of the Kyoto commitments Secures stable and predictable electricity price Reduces the dependence on electricity import

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Nuclear Licensing Process in Finland OPERATING LICENSE CONSTRUCTION PERMIT Government DECISION IN PRINCIPLE Government ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT Government Parliament Ministry of Trade and Industry Interest groups: politicians authorities and regulators trade unions public etc.

Circulation of newspapers per 1,000 persons in different countries in 2001 600 500 400 300 200 100 Japan Norway Finland Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom Germany Netherlands Denmark United States Czech Republic Hungary Canada Belgium France (yr –99) Spain Italy Slovakia China (yr –00) Portugal (yr –99) Greece EU-15 (yr –98) World total (yr –96) Finnish people are 3rd in the world and 1st in EU in reading newspapers.

Number of mediahits Nov 2000 - July 2002 Total number of mediahits 28,000 Lähde: Observer

Milestones of the OL3 Project 2000-2009 Application for Decision in Principle – Nov 2000, decision and ratification - May 2002 Investment decision and plant contract – Dec 2003 Start-up of site preparation – Dec 2003 Construction licence – Feb 2005 Start-up of civil construction – Spring 2005 Start-up of installation – Autumn 2006 Start-up of operation – Spring 2009.

Acceptance of Nuclear Power 1982 - 2004 % positive 46% negative 25 % 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Source: Suomen Gallup Oy / TNS Gallup Oy Finnish Energy Industries Federation

Source: Finnish energy attitudes 2003 Attitudes Towards the Use of Various Energy Forms in Electricity Generation in 2003 Source: Finnish energy attitudes 2003

Olkiluoto in 2009

Olkiluoto 3 unit Supplier: Consortium Framatome ANP and Siemens Reactor type: EPR (PWR) Net electrical output 1,600 MW Estimated annual production 13 TWh Operating personnel 150 Investment cost EUR 3 billion.

Nuclear Waste Management in the future

Final Disposal for Spent Fuel after 2020

Process for Final Disposal of Spent Fuel The application submitted to the Government in May 1999 general hearing statements requested Statements in November 1999 – January 2000 about 20 statements of authorities and municipalities statement of STUK statement of the Eurajoki municipality (votes 20-7) Decisions decision of the Government in December 2000 ratification by the Parliament in May 2001 (votes 159-3).

”It is safe to dispose of nuclear waste in the Finnish bedrock” – Opinions in the Whole Country

”It is safe to dispose of nuclear waste in the Finnish bedrock” – Opinions at Eurajoki

Conclusions

Tools for communication Clear messages from different directions Keep it simple “Open doors policy” for visitors Information available for those who are interested Publications, Press Conferences and Press Releases, www sites etc.

For Public Acceptance Public acceptance needs Trust Transparency Long term work Proper arguments, clear messages No accidents “Together for nuclear safety”, one of WANO slogans.

Thank you for your attention