SUBSISTENCE AND COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE SUBSISTENCE AND COMMERCIAL

Classification of Economic Activities & Economics Factors - Physical environment and cultural considerations Exploit resources dependent upon technology Political decisions economic factors of demand Quinary Activities Executive Decision Maker Quaternary Activities Info/Research/Management Tertiary Activities Retail & Wholesale/Personal & Prof. services Secondary Activities Manufacturing/Processing/Construction/Power Production Primary Activities Agriculture/Gathering/Extractive Industries

Primary Activities: Agriculture Def. : growing crops and tending livestock, for sale or subsistence. 10% of the total earth land is for crop farming. Declining trend in agriculture employment in developing countries Developed - 8% in most of W. Europe, < 3% in the US. Agriculture is still the major components in developing countries

Agriculture in Gross Domestic Product Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Agriculture in Gross Domestic Product Figure 8.7 8-4 Source: The World Bank

Declining Agricultural Employment Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Declining Agricultural Employment Figure 8.6 8-3 Source: FAO and World Bank

Trends in Food Production Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Trends in Food Production Figure 8.11 8-6 Source: Data from Food and Agricultural Organization, World Resources Institute, and U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Origins and Diffusion of Agriculture, Fig. 8.12 SE Asia (no date given) rice, citrus, taro, bananas, sugarcane secondary center - North China Plain (millet) Fertile Crescent (10,000 bp) wheat, barley, rye, oats Mesoamerica (>= 5,000 bp) corn, tomatoes, beans, squash, chiles secondary center, Andean S. America (potato, manioc)

Fig 8.5 - average length of growing season

Differences between Subsistence and Commercial Agriculture Purpose of farming Percentage of farmers in the labor force Use of machinery Farm size Relationship of farming to other business

Subsistence Agricultural Areas Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Subsistence Agricultural Areas Figure 8.8 8-5

Ranching and Crop Agriculture Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Ranching and Crop Agriculture Figure 8.21 8-12

Relative Value per Acre Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Relative Value per Acre Figure 8.18 8-10 Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States.

Agricultural Regions of No. America Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Agricultural Regions of No. America Figure 8.17 8-9 Source: U.S. Bureau of Agricultural Economics; Agriculture Canada; and Secretaría de Agricultura y Recursos Hidráulicos, Mexico.