Bell Ringer Copy down daily learning log (Soil K.I.M Chart & Video Responses) Copy down homework (Video Responses- Due Wed)

Think: What is the difference between dirt and soil? What are these letters to the left?

Username: sandysprings Soil Directions: Use the login information below to watch the brainpop “soil” video http://www.brainpop.com/science/earthsystem/soil/ Username: sandysprings Password: school

It takes 100 – 1,000 yrs to form 1” of soil. How is soil created? It takes 100 – 1,000 yrs to form 1” of soil.

It takes 100 – 1,000 yrs to form 1” of soil. How is soil created? 1. Exposed rock (“bedrock”) starts to be weathered. 2. Wind, moving water, changes in temperature continue the weathering and erosion process. 3. Broken pieces get broken down further and further It takes 100 – 1,000 yrs to form 1” of soil.

How is soil created? 3. Animals & plants aerate the soil and decompose organic matter. 4. Bacteria and fungi grow and produce acids that further break down rock—producing minerals and nutrients for plants.

Soil K.I.M Chart Key Term Information Memory Cue (picture)

Soil Loose surface of the earth—made up of: 1. Rocks/minerals 2. Decayed plants and animals (humus) 3. Air 4. Water

What does soil look like? Soil Horizons O Horizon— A Horizon—topsoil B Horizon—subsoil C Horizon—weathered bedrock D Horizon—unweathered bedrock A B C D The uppermost layer generally is an organic horizon, or O horizon. It consists of fresh and decaying plant residue from such sources as leaves, needles, twigs, moss, lichens, and other organic material accumulations. Below the O horizon is the A horizon. The A horizon is mainly mineral material. It is generally darker than the lower horizons because of the varying amounts of humified organic matter. This horizon is where most root activity occurs and is usually the most productive layer of soil. It may be referred to as a surface layer in a soil survey. Below the A horizon is the B horizon, or subsoil. The B horizon is usually lighter colored, denser, and lower in organic matter than the A horizon. It commonly is the zone where leached materials accumulate. Still deeper is the C horizon or substratum. The C horizon may consist of less clay, or other less weathered sediments. Partially disintegrated parent material and mineral particles are in this horizon. The lowest horizon, the R horizon, is bedrock. Bedrock can be within a few inches of the surface or many feet below the surface. Where bedrock is very deep and below normal depths of observation, an R horizon is not described.

Digging up the Horizons A-horizon = B-horizon = = C-horizon = D-horizon =

 O Horizon Loose and partly decayed organic matter Organic: Living or once living 

Humus Dark organic (living) material made of dead, decaying plant and animal matter

 A Horizon- Topsoil  Typically darker due to organic (living) matter Nutrient rich due to decaying matter Contains: Humus (roots, leaves, worms, insects and other living organisms) Small rock and mineral fragments  

Leaching Excessive water can carry nutrients in soils away to other locations

  B Horizon Subsoil Often red or brown due to clay Contains: Deep roots Weathered rocks Clay, iron oxides Dissolved minerals washed down from A-Horizon  

  C Horizon Partially weathered rock material Materials leached by water from the B horizon  

D Horizon Bedrock: Un-weathered rock material  

What is the dirt on…dirt? Ingredients of Soil: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=if29mjcd5bc What is organic matter and what does it include? How do the deeper layers of soil compare to the topsoil?

How Worms can reduce out waste: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/vermicomposting-how-worms-can-reduce-our-waste-matthew-ross You are planning to start a vermicomposting program at the school. What materials will you need, and how would you implement it in the cafeteria?

How to (literally) save the Earth: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AOefA-bSduM List 2 statistics about soil erosion from the video.

Soil Profile: Science Kids Experiment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VeuQeAxJIjs Describe how the sediment in the soil represents the bottle. Explain what each layer would represent.

Additional Websites https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6HGPoQ3dZY http://tinyurl.com/soilvocab http://tinyurl.com/soiljeopardy http://tinyrl.com/soilhorizons