Chapter 14 Feeding the World

The Cycle of Malnutrition Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2

The Cycle of Malnutrition Newborn to 5 years of child Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 3

Two Faces of Malnutrition Of the approximately 6.5 billion people on earth today, less than 1 billion live in developed countries. Many people in the world are exposed to undernutrition and starvation. Many people in the world have experienced a nutrition transition, leading to overconsumption, obesity and disease. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 4

Overweight and Underweight Around the World Use of nutrition in careful and wisely manner Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 5

Overweight and Underweight Around the World Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6

Transition from Under- to Overnutrition Poverty: About 1.4 billion people are around the world are below the International poverty line Hunger and undernutrition are mostly due of poverty Food Shortage: Lot of problems due to inadequate or no food for long time in large number of population might be due to natural disaster like earthquakes, floods, crop destruction, lack or no rain Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 7

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Impact of Poverty Lack of Immunizations and treatments for infections and other illness. Lack of health care also increases infant mortality and low-birth-weight births Lack of education in children leads to many nutrition and disease related problems. Nearly 96% of world’s under- nourished people live in developing countries where very little or no assistance through government food assistance and job training programs, like in developed countries. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 8

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Poor-Quality Diets Even with sufficient amounts of food, the types of food are important for a healthy diet. Protein and energy deficiencies usually occur together and are most common in children. Iron deficiency may affect as much as 60-80% of the world’s population. Iodine deficiency may affect 13-30% of the world’s population. Vitamin A deficiency is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 9

Food Insecurity in the United States Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 10

Sustainable Agriculture and Choices Sustainable agriculture uses food production methods that prevent damage to the environment and allow the land to restore itself so food can be produced indefinitely. Choosing food grown locally can minimize energy costs and pollution due to food transport. Choosing organic foods that are minimally processed and ecologically packaged can minimize environmental impacts. Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 11

Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sustainable Farming Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 12

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Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. End of Chapter 14 Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without express permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make back-up copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information herein. . Copyright 2010, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 15