Volume 381, Issue 9876, Pages (April 2013)

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Volume 381, Issue 9876, Pages 1478-1486 (April 2013) Population deworming every 6 months with albendazole in 1 million pre-school children in north India: DEVTA, a cluster-randomised trial Prof Shally Awasthi, MD, Prof Richard Peto, FRS, Simon Read, PhD, Susan M Richards, PhD, Vinod Pande, MD, Donald Bundy, PhD, the DEVTA (Deworming and Enhanced Vitamin A) team The Lancet Volume 381, Issue 9876, Pages 1478-1486 (April 2013) DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62126-6 Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Location of the seven DEVTA study districts in the state of Uttar Pradesh in north India 1 Lucknow (study centre: Lucknow city), 2 Rae Bareli, 3 Unnao, 4 Kanpur, 5 Hardoi, 6 Lakhimpur, 7 Sitapur. Within the districts, the study areas were largely rural. The Lancet 2013 381, 1478-1486DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62126-6) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Flow diagram for the 72 mainly rural administrative blocks randomly allocated five years of six-monthly albendazole or open control AWC: anganwadi (ie, courtyard) child-care centre. In these 72 blocks, 8338 child-care centres were followed up, with a total population at ages 1·0–6·0 years of 1 million at any one time (hence 2 million ever in the study, May, 1999–April, 2004). *AWC catchment areas correspond approximately to villages; it was determined before randomisation which AWCs were then functional, and hence potential study areas; loss of an AWC to follow-up was defined by having only 1–6 follow-up visits (mean only 3, as against 12 in included AWCs), and was generally because the AWC had ceased to function. The Lancet 2013 381, 1478-1486DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62126-6) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Correlation between 72 block-specific average numbers of infant and child deaths per child-care centre (AWC) during the entire study The inter-block correlation (illustrated here) between numbers of infant and child deaths per AWC was 68·7% ignoring trial treatment allocation (or 68·4% given the four-way allocation to albendazole, retinol, both, or neither), and ranged from 66–71% within the four treatment groups. Mortality at ages 0–6 months had correlation 99·3% with infant and 68·2% with child mortality. The Lancet 2013 381, 1478-1486DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62126-6) Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions