Bellringer CORRECT THE MISTAKES BELOW. It’s a bird! It’s a plane No, its a flying boat airplane! The first commercial airplane flight was actually a flying boat. It happen in January 1914. A former mayor of St Petersburg, Florida, paid 400 to fly from St. Petersburg to Tampa. The 18mile trip took only 23 minutes by plane. Traveling the same distance by ship would of taken over two hours. Since the flight was successful, plane trips across the Tampa Buy became popular. Passengers paid $five each way to take a trip on the special boat plain. 9/24/17

Bellringer It’s a bird! It’s a plane! No, it’s a flying boat airplane! The first commercial airplane flight was actually a flying boat. It happened in January 1914. A former mayor of St. Petersburg, Florida, paid $400 to fly from St. Petersburg to Tampa. The 18- mile trip took only 23 minutes by plane. Traveling the same distance by ship would’ve taken over two hours. Since the flight was successful, plane trips across the Tampa Bay became popular. Passengers paid $5 each way to take a trip on the special boat plane.

Bellringer List the steps in the HIT method for persuasive essay introductions. HINT: Tomorrow you will want to make sure that you come to class able to label ALL the acronyms we have discussed that apply to persuasive essays by the end of the period today (CCC, HIT, TTEB). 9/26/17

Persuasive Essay Lesson 4 English II

Unit Objectives By the end of this unit, you will understand how authors use language to advance an argument and achieve purpose. You will also use language to advance your own claims and analysis.

Today’s Objective Follow MLA guidelines for in-text citations. Begin writing body paragraphs for persuasive essays.

What should I have completed? ALL columns in the KWL chart TWO or more annotated, credible sources An Introduction

Before we start those body paragraphs…Let’s talk thesis statement Your thesis is more than a general statement about your main idea. It needs to establish a clear position you will support with balanced proofs (logos, pathos, ethos).

A Thesis is Not… A thesis is not a title: Homes and schools (title) vs. Parents ought to participate more in the education of their children (good thesis). A thesis is not an announcement of the subject: My subject is the incompetence of the Supreme Court vs. The Supreme Court made a mistake when it ruled in favor of George W. Bush in the 2000 election. A thesis is not a statement of absolute fact: Jane Austen is the author of Pride and Prejudice. A thesis is not the whole essay: A thesis is your main idea expressed in a single sentence or a combination of sentences.

So what IS a Thesis Statement? According to the MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Seventh Edition, "A thesis statement is a single sentence that formulates both your topic and your point of view" (Gibaldi 42). However, if your paper is more complex and requires a thesis statement, your thesis may require a combination of sentences.

The Teacher’s Thesis Statement Considering the failings of the two-party democracy to encourage cooperation or compromise, as well as the omission of parties as part of the founding of American democracy and decreasing party loyalty among members of the American public, it is apparent that the two-party system is not the most effective approach to democracy.

Sooo…now what?

Body Paragraphs “In writing, the body paragraph is the main part of your essay or paper. Each body paragraph contains a topic sentence that tells readers what the paragraph is going to be about, supporting sentences that discuss the idea or ideas in the topic sentence, using examples and/or evidence to support that discussion, and a concluding sentence that emphasizes the importance of the supporting examples or evaluates the connections between them” (What is a Body Paragraph? - Definition & Examples para. 4).

Body paragraphs: Moving from general to specific information Your paper should be organized in a manner that moves from general to specific information. Every time you begin a new subject, think of an inverted pyramid - The broadest range of information sits at the top, and as the paragraph or paper progresses, the author becomes more and more focused on the argument ending with specific, detailed evidence supporting a claim. Lastly, the author explains how and why the information she has just provided connects to and supports her thesis (a brief wrap up or warrant).

Body paragraphs: Moving from general to specific information

Two-Party System 1. Lack of Cooperation and Compromise 2. Lack of party loyalty 3. Lack of parties in founding documents

The four elements of a good paragraph (TTEB) A Transition sentence leading in from a previous paragraph to assure smooth reading. This acts as a hand off from one idea to the next. A Topic sentence that tells the reader what you will be discussing in the paragraph. Specific Evidence and analysis that supports one of your claims and that provides a deeper level of detail than your topic sentence. A Brief wrap-up sentence that tells the reader how and why this information supports the paper’s thesis.

Transition Sentence Good transitions can connect paragraphs and turn disconnected writing into a unified whole. Instead of treating paragraphs as separate ideas, transitions can help readers understand how paragraphs work together, reference one another, and build to a larger point. The key to producing good transitions is highlighting connections between corresponding paragraphs. By referencing in one paragraph the relevant material from previous paragraphs, writers can develop important points for their readers.

Transitions It is a good idea to continue one paragraph where another leaves off. (Instances where this is especially challenging may suggest that the paragraphs don't belong together at all.) Picking up key phrases from the previous paragraph and highlighting them in the next can create an obvious progression for readers. Many times, it only takes a few words to draw these connections.

Transitional Phrases To Add: and, again, and then, besides, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, nor, too, next, lastly, what's more, moreover, in addition, first (second, etc.) To Compare: whereas, but, yet, on the other hand, however, nevertheless, on the contrary, by comparison, where, compared to, up against, balanced against, vis a vis, but, although, conversely, meanwhile, after all, in contrast, although this may be true To Prove: because, for, since, for the same reason, obviously, evidently, furthermore, moreover, besides, indeed, in fact, in addition, in any case, that is

More Transitional Phrases To Show Exception: yet, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, of course, once in a while, sometimes To Show Time: immediately, thereafter, soon, after a few hours, finally, then, later, previously, formerly, first (second, etc.), next, and then To Repeat: in brief, as I have said, as I have noted, as has been noted

More Transitional Phrases To Emphasize: definitely, extremely, obviously, in fact, indeed, in any case, absolutely, positively, naturally, surprisingly, always, forever, perennially, eternally, never, emphatically, unquestionably, without a doubt, certainly, undeniably, without reservation To Show Sequence: first, second, third, and so forth. A, B, C, and so forth. next, then, following this, at this time, now, at this point, after, afterward, subsequently, finally, consequently, previously, before this, simultaneously, concurrently, thus, therefore, hence, next, and then, soon

More Transitional Phrases To Give an Example: for example, for instance, in this case, in another case, on this occasion, in this situation, take the case of, to demonstrate, to illustrate, as an illustration, to illustrate To Summarize or Conclude: in brief, on the whole, summing up, to conclude, in conclusion, as I have shown, as I have said, hence, therefore, accordingly, thus, as a result, consequently

Topic Sentence (CLAIM) Every paragraph should include a topic sentence that identifies the main idea of the paragraph. A topic sentence also states the point the writer wishes to make about that subject. Generally, the topic sentence appears at the beginning of the paragraph. It is often the paragraph’s very first sentence. A paragraph’s topic sentence must be general enough to express the paragraph’s overall subject, but it should be specific enough that the reader can understand the paragraph’s main subject and point.  Thinking in a Claim, Cite, Clarify context, this is the “Claim” part of that approach.

Evidence (CITE) This is where you present information from your SOURCES that support the point you are trying to make in a given paragraph. Thinking in a Claim, Cite, Clarify context, this is the “Cite” part of that approach. This is NOT the place for your opinions—remember, you aren’t an expert, so your opinions have no place in this argument! Go to the experts and CITE them here!

Brief Wrap-Up Sentence (Clarify) The brief wrap-up is also known as the warrant. The warrant is important to your argument because it connects your reasoning and support to your thesis, and it shows that the information in the paragraph is related to your thesis and helps defend it. Thinking of the Claim, Cite, Clarify context, this is the “Clarifying” step where you show how your point in this body paragraph relates to your thesis.

CCC within a CCC…Say What? Body Paragraphs Body Paragraph 1 TRANSITION CLAIM CITE CLARIFY Body Paragraph 2 Body Paragraph 3 Essay Format Introduction (CLAIM in the thesis statement) Body Paragraph 1 (CITE) Body Paragraph 2 (CITE) Body Paragraph 3 (CITE) Conclusion (CLARIFY)

So what does this look like in action? According to “Two-Party System, ” “A working government is one that can pass legislation reflecting the will of the majority, provide essential services to its citizens, and respond swiftly and decisively to domestic and international crises” (para. 1). Achieving these lofty goals requires both cooperation and compromise, and the two- party system for democracy provides more division than cause for necessary negotiation. “Two-Party System” cites the appointing of supreme court justices as a prime example of delayed decision-making due to partisan loyalties. When one justice seat is open in the Supreme Court, delays in appointing a new occupant for that seat inhibit the functionality of one-third of American government—the judicial system. When politicians focus more on which party a nominee most aligns with than whether he or she is an appropriate occupant of that role, government stalls and fails to meet the needs of the people it is meant to serve.

Sources https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/owlprint/724/ http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-a-body-paragraph-definition-examples- quiz.html