American Presidential Diplomacy Roosevelt Taft Wilson Big Stick Diplomacy Dollar Diplomacy Moral Diplomacy

Diplomacy Definition: The art or practice of conducting international relations, as in negotiating alliances, treaties, and agreements. 2 2

Roosevelt Elected Teddy Roosevelt is elected President in 1900, he is popular from his Rough Rider image Embraced the ideas of Anglo-Saxonism Intended to make the country a world power

Speak Softly but Carry a BIG STICK “Big Stick” Diplomacy Teddy Roosevelt OBJECTIVE: KEEP EUROPE OUT of Latin America (Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine) USE FORCE to defend American interests in Latin America Speak Softly but Carry a BIG STICK

Roosevelt Corollary This was an amendment to the Monroe Doctrine. We are the top dog in the Western Hemisphere This was an amendment to the Monroe Doctrine. The “Roosevelt Corollary” stated that the U.S. would intervene in Latin American affairs when necessary to maintain peace and stability in the Western Hemisphere. Reaffirm that Europe stays out of “our side” of the world… we will handle it US can intervene in Latin American Affairs

From TR’s 1904 Annual Message “All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. If a nation shows that it knows how to act with reasonable efficiency and decency in social and political matters, if it keeps order and pays its obligations, it need fear no interference from the United States. Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may… ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.”

Great White Fleet In 1907 Roosevelt sent 16 battleships of the US Navy on a voyage around the world to showcase the nation’s military might. The tour made a stop in Japan to demonstrate that the US could and would uphold its interests in Asia This is my “STICK”

Photo credit: tomrichey.net

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The World’s Most Important Shortcut Panama Canal The World’s Most Important Shortcut

What is a Canal? An area of water that is dug across land. Canals connect bodies of water so that ships can travel between them.

Where is Panama? 13 13

Panama Canal REBELLION http://mapsof.net/map/central-america-political-map#.US1saVeECOA Panama Canal

US Supports Rebellion In 1903 the US supported a rebellion against Colombia and helped rebels establish a breakaway state of Panama In exchange for the support, the US won the right to build a canal across Panama and control the adjacent territory known as the Panama Canal Zone

Why is the Canal Important? The Spanish-American War brought the need for a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Expand trade with Latin America Allows the United States to better defend itself and better protect interests. Can quickly move its warships from one ocean to the other shorten the trip by nearly 8,000 miles

Laborers

The first ship to transit the Panama Canal on August 15, 1914 1904 The United States begins working on the Canal 1914 The canal is completed It wasn’t until 1977 that the United States signed a treaty with Panama and agreed to give Panama control of the canal in 1999 The Panama Canal: The first ship to transit the Panama Canal on August 15, 1914

“Our interests and those of our southern neighbors are in reality identical. They have great natural riches, and if within their borders the reign of law and justice obtains, prosperity is sure to come to them….We would interfere with them only if it became evident that their inability or unwillingness to do justice at home and abroad had violated the rights of the United States or had invited foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire body of American nations.”

Taft & Dollar Diplomacy

Dollar Diplomacy OBJECTIVE: PROTECT American business interests in Latin America Latin American governments were pressured to support US business interests By 1913 the US had displaced Great Britain as the leading exporter to Latin America 22 22

Examples: Dollar Diplomacy 1911 – attempted to have American bankers included in international plan to invest in railroads in China 1912-Taft ordered Marines into Nicaragua when civil war threatened to prevent repayment of US bank loan

Taft’s Chair at the Mission Inn

Moral Diplomacy

Pro- American Governments in Latin America MORAL DIPLOMACY OBJECTIVE: SUPPORT democratic governments in Latin America OPPOSE oppressive or undemocratic governments US INTERESTS Protect US investments, US encouraged obedient, pro-American governments in Latin America When order was threatened, the US did not hesitate to intervene Between 1903 and 1934 the US sent armed forces one or more times to six nations in the Caribbean, occupying three of them for more than a decade

Moral Diplomacy Under Wilson President Wilson added to the Monroe Doctrine giving it a moral tone US had the right to deny recognition to any LA government it viewed as oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to US interests. Pressured LA countries to establish democratic governments

Examples: Moral Diplomacy 1914 – U.S. troops sent to occupy the Mexican port of Vera Cruz 1915 – sent Marines into Haiti civil war 1916 – Pancho Villa raided New Mexico, killing 19 Americans; Wilson sent forces into northern Mexico until 1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status and promised independence 1917 – sent Marines into the Dominican Republic 1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship granted to Puerto Rican people; granted limited self-government 1917- In Mexico – “Watchful Waiting” – for government supporting civil rights & free elections

ALL protected US business Diplomacy: Big Ideas “Diplomacy” ALL protected US business Roosevelt: Big Stick Diplomacy Assertion of U.S. dominance Navy is the Big Stick Wilson: Moral Diplomacy support is only given to countries who’s moral beliefs are similar to the US. Taft: Dollar Diplomacy The Effort of the US to further its aims in LA through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. 29

Impact of Imperialism Expanded its access to foreign markets in order to ensure growth of the economy Built a modern navy to protect its interest abroad Used police power to ensure dominance in Latin America US emerged as a world power Pass out find someone imperialism review 30 30

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