Readiness standards comprise 65% of the U. S. History Test

The Student is expected to: Readiness Standard (4) The student understands the emergence of the U. S. as a world power between 1898 and 1920. The Student is expected to: (A) Explain why significant events, policies, & individuals such as the Spanish-American War, U. S. expansionism, Henry Cabot Lodge, Alfred Thayer Mahan, Theodore Roosevelt, Sanford B. Dole, & missionaries moved the United States into a position of world power

(A) 1 The Spanish-American War Readiness Standard (4) The student understands the emergence of the U. S. as a world power between 1898 and 1920. (A) 1 The Spanish-American War

TOWARDS EMPIRE: THE UNITED STATES BECOMES A WORLD POWER (1865-1901) 4 (A) 2 U. S. expansionism TOWARDS EMPIRE: THE UNITED STATES BECOMES A WORLD POWER (1865-1901)

Movement away from traditional American isolationism was the result of the filling of the American continent by the U. S. A. and increasing trade which drew the United States into world affairs.

How American Expansion of the 1890s Differed from Past U.S. Expansion America had been expanding virtually from its birth Previous expansion had been contiguous Territories taken in 1890s were less for settlement than as naval bases, trading outposts, & commercial centers on major trade routes The new territories were not so much “states-in-the-making” as colonies

Classic Economic Imperialism “Factories and farms multiplied, producing more goods than the domestic market could consume. Both farmers and industrialists looked for new overseas markets, and the growing volume of exports. . . changed the nature of American trade relations with the world.”

The Urge to Expand The evolution of “Manifest Destiny” William H. Seward— U. S. Secretary of State under presidents Lincoln and Johnson

Alaska—”Seward’s Folly” Ahead of his time, Seward had visions of an American Empire stretching from the Caribbean to Asia, including Latin America, Canada, and many of the strategically located Pacific islands. “Seward’s Folly”—the initial response to the purchase of Alaska from Russia was not a positive one. Many Americans believed that Seward had squandered good money for a valueless acquisition.

Potential of Panama Seward even perceived the importance of a canal across the Panama isthmus (right). In 1867 he also supervised the annexation of the Midway Islands in the Pacific Ocean.

The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 4 (A) 4 Alfred Thayer Mahan The Influence of Sea Power Upon History Mahan’s writings insisted that future U. S. prosperity depended on access to world markets; the U. S. needed a strong navy to protect their trade routes; advocated annexation of Hawaii and construction of canal through Panama. Mahan believed that industrialism “produced vast surpluses of agricultural and manufactured goods, for which markets must be found. Markets involved distant ports; reaching them required a large merchant marine and a powerful navy to protect it.”

4 (A) 5 Theodore Roosevelt

4 (A) 6 Sanford B. Dole Longtime resident of Hawaii who, as a lawyer & jurist, opposed the native royal family, supported American immigrants, & advocated westernization of Hawaiian culture & government

Acquisition of Hawaii—the “Crossroads of the Pacific” By 1820, U.S. missionaries had arrived intending to convert the natives to Christianity American planters developed Hawaii’s rich soil and made healthy profits off of sugar production—Hawaii became increasingly dependent economically on the U.S. American planters aided by U. S. Marines overthrew Queen Liliuokalani (right)

Hawaii A valuable commercial and naval base in the middle of the Pacific A stepping stone on the route to Chinese markets

4 (A) 1 Spanish-American War

Pro-War Newspaper Publishers William Randolph Hearst (left) published the New York Journal and Joseph Pulitzer (right) published the New York World. These two men captured large readerships with their bold headlines, lavish illustrations, and sensational--and often inaccurate--stories.

Sinking of the Maine The Maine enters Havana Harbor. There were 266 American sailors who died in the blast.

Declaration of War On April 19, 1898, Congress passed a joint resolution declaring Cuba independent and authorizing the president to use force to evict the Spanish On April 21, Spain severed relations with the U.S. On April 22, McKinley proclaimed a naval blockade of Cuba On April 25, Congress passed a declaration of war with Spain and the president signed it

Territories Acquired by the U. S Territories Acquired by the U.S. as a Result of the Spanish-American War The Philippine Islands Puerto Rico

What Was Cuba’s Status as a Result of the Spanish-American War? Cuba became an independent nation. . . more or less.

Teller Amendment Colorado Senator Henry M. Teller’s declaration was part of a joint resolution demanding that Spain withdraw from Cuba; Teller Amendment renounced any plan of U. S. annexation of Cuba.

Platt Amendment The Amendment gave U. S. right to set up naval stations—principally at Guantanamo Bay—and send troops to Cuba to preserve order

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