Canadian Hydrographic Service Canadian Examples of the S-121 Standard on Maritime Limits and Boundaries Serge Lévesque Canadian Hydrographic Service Rob Morrison March 28, 2018

Construction of Canadian examples A territorial sea area with its straight baseline Labrador coast territorial sea and baseline: Ten straight baseline points off the coast of Labrador (points) Segments of straight baseline joining these points (curves) Outer limit of the Territorial Sea built from the baseline (curves) Territorial sea area bounded by the outer limit and the baseline (surface/area)

Canadian example

Connecting the tables

Construction of Canadian examples Status: under development Built on the latest S-121 ArcGIS model developed by Australia All relationships were established across the table structure between the S-100 Feature/Attribute Group, Administrative Group, spatial geometries, Party Group and Source Group tables The Governance table is not yet populated

Feature/Attribute relationships

Point Geometry: Location Reference System A horizontal datum is defined by three elements: An ellipsoid A physical geodetic infrastructure including monumented surveyed control points spawning the width and breadth of the country A set of transformation parameters to relate to the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) Horizontal datums used in North America: NAD27, NAD83, WGS84 Ellipsoids used in these datums: Clarke 1866, GRS80, WGS84

North American Datum evolution Datums 1913 1927 1983 NAD NAD27 NAD83 Astronomical Almanacs 1984 WGS84 Ellipsoids Clarke 1866 GRS 1980 WGS84 1866 1980 1984 International Terrestrial Reference Frame ITRF 1992

Point geometry and multiple coordinates Official location: on official datum (NAD83) Original location: as per text of law Point geometry : coordinates on datum in use in the GIS system WGS84 location: calculated coordinates

Legal sources Labrador coast territorial sea and baseline: World United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Canada Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) Source for Rights, Responsibilities and Restrictions (RRR) Party Members linked to RRR: Federal: Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Global Affairs Canada Provinces Territorial Sea Geographic Coordinates Order (C.R.C. , c. 1550) Source for baseline points (geometry): position and reference system Canadian Hydrographic Charts : Source for baseline points

Governance

Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: what Interpretation 2 In this Act, Department means the Department of Fisheries and Oceans; (ministère) Minister means the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans; (ministre) Territorial sea of Canada 4 The territorial sea of Canada consists of a belt of sea that has as its inner limit the baselines described in section 5 and as its outer limit (a) subject to paragraph (b), the line every point of which is at a distance of 12 nautical miles from the nearest point of the baselines; or (b) in respect of the portions of the territorial sea of Canada for which geographical coordinates of points have been prescribed pursuant to subparagraph 25(a)(ii), lines determined from the geographical coordinates of points so prescribed. .

Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: how Determination of the baselines 5 (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the baseline is the low-water line along the coast or on a low-tide elevation that is situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea of Canada from the mainland or an island. Geographical coordinates of points (2) In respect of any area for which geographical coordinates of points have been prescribed pursuant to subparagraph 25(a)(i) and subject to any exceptions in the regulations for (a) the use of the low-water line along the coast between given points, and (b) the use of the low-water lines of low-tide elevations that are situated wholly or partly at a distance not exceeding the breadth of the territorial sea of Canada from the mainland or an island, The baselines are straight lines interpreted as geodesics joining the consecutive geographical coordinates of points so prescribed. tate, .

Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: rights Internal waters of Canada 6 The internal waters of Canada consist of the waters on the landward side of the baselines of the territorial sea of Canada. Part of Canada 7 For greater certainty, the internal waters of Canada and the territorial sea of Canada form part of Canada. Rights of Her Majesty 8 (1) For greater certainty, in any area of the sea not within a province, the seabed and subsoil below the internal waters of Canada and the territorial sea of Canada are vested in Her Majesty in right of Canada. tate, .

Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance : rights Application of provincial law 9 (1) Subject to this section and to any other Act of Parliament, the laws of a province apply in any area of the sea (a) that forms part of the internal waters of Canada or the territorial sea of Canada; (b) that is not within any province; and (c) that is prescribed by the regulations. …. Interpretation (3) For the purposes of this section, the laws of a province shall be applied as if the area of the sea in which those laws apply under this section were within the territory of that province.

Oceans Act (S.C. 1996, c. 31) as a source for governance: parties, who and how Regulations 25 The Governor in Council may, on the recommendation of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, make regulations (a) prescribing geographical coordinates of points from which (i) baselines may be determined under subsection 5(2) as straight lines interpreted as geodesics, . Such a structure could be used as a guideline to ensure the maintenance of a logical set of objects for several application schemas. Such an approach will avoid developing a set of inconsistent and duplicative feature types in the object catalog.

Territorial Sea Geographic Coordinates Order (C. R. C. , c Territorial Sea Geographic Coordinates Order (C.R.C. , c. 1550) as a source for governance: text

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