Genetics

Genetics the study of heredity Heredity – the passing of traits from parents to offspring

Traits Characteristics of an organism

Traits

Genes & Alleles Genes – factors that control traits Alleles- different forms of a gene, control the inheritance of traits Dominant alleles – trait always shows up (represented by capital letters) Recessive alleles --- trait only shows up when the dominant allele is not present (represented by lowercase letters)

Gametes & Zygotes Gamete – a sex cell, an organism receives one allele for each trait from both parents A zygote is a cell that results from fertilization

Purebred or Hybrid? Purebred or homozygous – contains either 2 dominant or 2 recessive alleles (EX: AA or aa) Hybrid or heterozygous – contains one dominant and recessive allele (Aa)

Phenotype & Genotypes Phenotype- the physical characteristics (what it looks like) Genotype – the genetic make up (ex: TT. Tt, tt)

Punnett Squares A diagram that shows the gene combinations that could result