THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274) DISTINCTION BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY& THEOLOGY, NATURAL & SUPERNATURAL ENDS A SYNTHESIS OF THE PLATONIC-AUGUSTINIAN & THE ARISTOTELIAN.

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Presentation transcript:

THOMAS AQUINAS (1225-1274) DISTINCTION BETWEEN PHILOSOPHY& THEOLOGY, NATURAL & SUPERNATURAL ENDS A SYNTHESIS OF THE PLATONIC-AUGUSTINIAN & THE ARISTOTELIAN POINTS OF VIEW PHILOSOPHY OF EXISTENCE: ESSENTIALLY REALIST & CONCRETE

THOMAS AQUINAS PRINCIPLES OF CREATED BEING THE ONE & THE MANY, SUBSTANCE & ACCIDENTS ARISTOTLE’S HYLEMORPHISM, ACT & POTENCY, PRIME MATTER AS PURE POTENTIALITY  REJECTS AUGUSTINE’S RATIONES SEMINALES & PLURALITY OF SUBSANTIAL FORMS IN THE COMPOSITE SUBSTANCE RELATION OF EXISTENCE TO ESSENCE IN THE HEART OF ALL FINITE BEING: CONTINGENCY/NON-NECESSITY GOD (NECESSARY BEING), SOURCE OF FINITE EXISTENCE

THOMAS AQUINAS PHIL. OF GOD: 5 WAYS TO GOD ANSELM’S ONTOLOGICAL ARGUMENT 5 WAYS TO GOD’S EXISTENCE: MOTION, EFFICIENT CAUSALITY, CONTINGENCY OF THE WORLD, DEGREES OF PERFECTION, FINAL CAUSALITY CENTRALITY OF THE 3RD WAY OF PROVING THE EXISTENCE OF GOD LOGICAL BASIS: PRINCIPLE OF SUFFICIENT REASON

THOMAS AQUINAS METAPHYSICS ANALOGIA ENTIS: A WAY TO KNOW GOD’S NATURE AS A NECESSARY BEING; HOW CAN THE WORDS OF ANY HUMAN LANGUAGE BE AT ALL APPLICABLE TO THE DIVINE BEING DIFFICULTY WITH ANALOGY OF BEING DOCTRINE OF THE DIVINE IDEAS IN THE DIVINE INTELLIGENCE NO REAL DISTINCTION IN DIVINE ATTRIBUTES

THOMAS AQUINAS METAPHYSICS METAPYSICS OF PARTICIPATION GOD: IPSE ESSE SUBSISTENS; ACTUS PURUS = EXISTENCE ITSELF ALL CREATURES PARTICIPATE IN GOD’S EXISTENCE ACCORDING TO ITS LIMITED ESSENCE CREATION OUT NOTHING GOD’S FREE ACT OF CREATION OUT OF LOVE GOD’S OMNIPOTENCE & PROBLEM OF EVIL

THOMAS AQUINAS EPISTEMOLOGY CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HIS EPISTEMOLOGY & HIS PHIL. OF MAN & PSYCHOLOGY ORIGIN OF HUMAN IDEAS & KNOWLEDGE: AQUINAS’ EMPIRICISM NO DIRECT KNOWLEDGE OF PARTICULARS THEORY OF ABSTRACTION THEORY OF JUDGMENT

THOMAS AQUINAS ETHICS NATURAL LAW ETHICS: (1) HISTORICAL BACKGROUND; (2) ARISTOTLE’S INFLUENCE; (3) BASIC IDEAS; (4) NATURAL LAW AS A MORAL LAW; (5) NATURAL LAW IN A CONCRETE SITUATION; (6) NATURAL LAW & THEONOMIC ETHICS; (6) NATURAL LAW & HUMAN RIGHTS; (7) EVALUATION ETHICS OF VIRTUE

THOMAS AQUINAS POLITICAL PHILOSOPHY ARISTOTLE’S INFLUENCE: A CLOSE RELATIONSHIP BTW ETHICS & POLITICS; THE STATE IS NEEDED IS NEEDED BY HUMAN NATURE RELIGION & STATE INDIVIDUAL CITIZEN & STATE MEANING, TYPE, AND FUNCTION OF LAW VARIOUS TYPES OF GOVERNMENT