Summary Writing 阅读与构思 浙江省瑞安中学 张 莹

a good summary? 档次 描述 第五档 （21—25分） —理解准确，涵盖全部要点。 —能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。 —有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。 —完全使用自己的语言。

How to write a good summary? 档次 描述 第五档 （21—25分） —理解准确，涵盖全部要点。 —能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。 —有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。 —完全使用自己的语言。

safest Reading for general information 1. This passage is _____. A. Narrative - tells a story based on real or imaginary experiences B. Expository - explains or conveys information C. Persuasive- tries to convince the reader to agree with an opinion or to take action 2. Topic? 3. Structure? (CP: central point P: point Sp: sub-point (次要点) C: conclusion) safest the school bus the __________ method

Para.1 Reading for points How many points are mentioned? How do you know?

Para.1 Reading for points Do you think they are equally important or one outweighs the other? Why? Lead in the topic Para.1 Reading for points The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends. Meanwhile, they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.

Para.1 Reading for points Lead in the topic The familiar yellow school bus is the largest system of mass transportation in the US and every school day transports roughly 25 million young people to school and home again after the school day ends. Meanwhile, they are the safest method for getting kids to and from school, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Children are 70 times more likely to arrive at school safely on the school bus than if they had traveled to school driving themselves or riding with friends.

a better version? The school bus is the biggest system and safest method for students in America. The school bus, which is the biggest system in America, is the safest method for children. B. The school bus, which is the biggest system in America, is the safest method for children.

Have a try! Para.2 1. relationship between para.1﹠para.2? 2. find the points and sum up.

What information can you infer from this sentence? Topic sentence? transitional sentence Para.3 But even the safety of school buses would not completely sum up why children are safer when riding the big, yellow bus. The bus is only as safe as the professional men and women who drive them. … topic sentence What’s the relationship between para.2 and para.3? How do you understand the topic sentence?

? a SAFE school bus driver Para.3 Can you sum up in your own words? CDL qualification screening training

Have a try! Para.4 relationship among Para.2-4? a topic sentence? How many supporting points are included?

= topic sentence Can you use your own words to describe it? School buses are safe for the environment, each bus replaces 36 passenger cars that would, but for the buses, be on the road taking and picking up school children. Additionally, school buses use alternative green fuels like natural gas, and electric power. Can you use your own words to describe it? =

relationship with other paragraphs?

Connecting words/phrases to connect the same aspects meanwhile also along with besides furthermore additionally to show cause and effect to conclude or summarize to show adversative relation(转折关系) but moreover, as well (as) not only…but also for one thing, for another for the following reasons because as a result so thus hence therefore result in lead to consequently… in conclusion to sum up in brief/short in a word … although/ though/ even though/ if in contrast whereas nevertheless in spite of regardless of

writing task Self- assessment Try to develop your first draft and make a self-assessment according to the following criteria. Self- assessment content Does it cover all the points? structure Are there any connecting words/phrases? Is the structure coherent? language Are the points expressed in your own words? Is the language accurate and rich?

Homework Develop and polish the passage into a summary with about 60 words based on the structure and points we discussed in class. 档次 描述 第五档 （21—25分） —理解准确，涵盖全部要点。 —能准确使用相应的语法结构和词汇。 —有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使所完成的概要结构紧凑。 —完全使用自己的语言。