SAs crime profile & implications of border control for crime and crime combating March 2011 JOHAN BURGER Crime & Justice Programme INSTITUTE FOR SECURITY STUDIES

Crime & border security Perceptions of crime SAs crime profile Some provincial crime profiles Crime combating Conclusion Presentation Outline

Crime is no longer bound by borders …The planet has been reduced to the size of a computer screen and the artificial borders which we once called nations have, for all intents and purposes, begun to evaporate International organised crime gangs have formed alliances not unlike those of the corporate world. These unholy alliances provide criminal groups with more power, more leverage, [and] more ill-gotten gains … The bad guys have all the money and no rules. The good guys have all the rules and no money Jeffrey Robinson,The Merger: The Conglomeration of International Organised Crime, New York: The Overlook Press, 2000 Crime and border security

RSA (Island of opportunity?) Crime as a threat to our national security: internally and externally

Public & media perceptions of crime in SA

SAPS: 20 most serious crimes recorded 1994/95 – 2009/10

Total crime levels increased by 4% over the last two years (after consistent decline of 25% between 2002/03 – 2007/08). This is driven by increase in five property/commercial crime categories: Shoplifting +32% ( cases) Commercial crime +30% ( cases) [Since 2004/05 absolute numbers increased by 57%] Residential burglary +8% (18 724) Non-residential or business burglary +14% (8 778 cases) Theft out of motor vehicle +8% (9 201 cases) Perspective on overall increase in crime levels between 2007/ /10

Residential and Business Burglary Trends 2003/04 – 2009/10 (rates per )

Rates per Real figures Crimes against business 2003/04 – 2009/ %

Murder & Attempted Murder trend 1994/95 – 2009/10 (rates per )

Aggravated Robbery trend 1994/95 – 2009/10 (rates per ) +40%

Trio crimes 2002/03 – 2009/10

Bank & CIT Robberies 1994/95 – 2009/10 Bank robbery -83%

? SABRIC figures ATM Attacks ± 360

Scene at an ATM bombing

Violent crime trends in Limpopo 2003/04 – 2009/10 (rates per ) (150) (584) (191) (630) (690) (762)

Violent crime trends in Western Cape 2003/04 – 2009/10

Business robbery: Provincial breakdown

Car hijacking: Provincial breakdown

Combating (fighting) crime Policing Short-term interventions Policing Short-term interventions Private security Crime prevention Long-term interventions Crime prevention Long-term interventions Proactive Policing Visible policing Law enforce- ment Order main- tenance Proactive Policing Visible policing Law enforce- ment Order main- tenance Reactive Policing Crime investi- gation Law enforce- ment Order restora- tion Reactive Policing Crime investi- gation Law enforce- ment Order restora- tion Arrests Deterrence Socio-economic interventions (social crime prevention) Crime prevention through environ- mental design Deterrence through effective Criminal Justice System Socio-economic interventions (social crime prevention) Crime prevention through environ- mental design Deterrence through effective Criminal Justice System Other interv. (other Depts) Other interv. (other Depts)

22 Conclusion Border control (in its wider meaning) can only be meaningful if it is managed as part of an integrated approach to the fight against crime and the maintenance of an orderly society. There will always be those who break the law, some by their ignorance, some by accident and some because they intend to. Similarly weaknesses in border control are exploited by both those in search of a better life, and by those involved in criminal activity. Therefore any effort to fight crime and lawlessness can only be successful if it includes effective border control as a crucial element in the overall strategic approach. Finally, it is obvious that to be successful in the fight against crime we need much more than the individual efforts of state departments – we need clear role identification, structured cooperation and coordination, and an overarching national policy and strategy to guide all of these.

THANK YOU / DANKIE JOHAN BURGER Tel