MATTER

What is Chemistry? What is Matter? Chemistry – the study of matter, its structure, properties, and composition, and the changes that matter undergoes What is Matter? Matter – anything that has mass and occupies space (has density) “stuff” Mass – measurement of the quantity of matter. Mass is not affected by temperature, location, or any other factor known to make other measures unreliable

Which of the following is NOT an example of matter? Multiple Choice F iRespond Question A.) air Heat is a form of energy and does not have mass or take up space. B.) heat C.) smoke D.) water vapor E.)

View GPB Episode 201 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

Which state of matter takes both the shape and volume of its container? Multiple Choice iRespond Question A.) solid Has definite shape and volume Takes shape of container but will not fill its volume B.) liquid C.) gas Gases will expand to take the shape and volume of any container D.) both b and c E.)

Which state of matter has a definite volume and takes the shape of its container? Multiple Choice iRespond Question A.) solid Definite shape and volume B.) liquid Definite volume, indefinite shape C.) gas Indefinite shape and volume D.) both b and c E.)

Which state of matter expands when heated and is easy to compress? iRespond Question Multiple Choice F Gases have so much space between particles that they can be compressed. The other two phases do not have much space between them (why they have a definite volume) A.) solid B.) liquid C.) gas D.) all of the above E.)

Which state of matter is characterized by having a definite shape and a definite volume? Multiple Choice iRespond Question A.) solid Definite shape and volume B.) liquid Definite volume, indefinite shape C.) gas Indefinite shape and volume D.) all of the above E.)

All of the following are physical properties of matter EXCEPT ____. Multiple Choice F iRespond Question A.) mass Mass, color, and melting point (Phase = Physical) can be observed without altering the identity of the substance. B.) color C.) melting point D.) ability to rust E.)

Which of the following are considered physical properties of a substance? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) color and odor B.) melting and boiling points All are physical C.) malleability and hardness D.) all of the above E.)

Which of the following is a physical change? Multiple Choice F iRespond Question A.) corrosion Evaporation is a phase change (Phase = Physical) and does not alter the identity of a substance. The others do and can’t be undone. B.) explosion C.) evaporation D.) rotting of food E.)

A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood ____. Multiple Choice F iRespond Question A.) is split Only decaying alters the identity of the substance B.) is painted C.) decays D.) is cut E.)

Intensive and Extensive Properties depend on how much of a particular sample is on hand Intensive Properties do not depend on how much sample is present Volume Mass Weight Melting point Boiling point Density

Density The amount of stuff in a given space Density is a ratio of mass to volume Density = Mass Volume

Problems Calculate the density of a material that has a mass of 52.457g and a volume of 13.5 cm3. D = 53.457g = 3.96 g/cm3 13.5cm3 How many grams of tin would occupy 5.5 cm3, if it has a density of 7.625 g/cm3? 7.625 g/cm3 = X X = 42 g 5.5cm3 Pure gold has a density of 19.32 g/cm3. How large would a piece of gold be if it had a mass of 318.97grams? 19.32 g/cm3 = 318.97g X = 16.51 cm3 X

A 50. 0 mL liquid sample has a mass of 50. 7 g A 50.0 mL liquid sample has a mass of 50.7 g. The density of the sample is Multiple Choice F iRespond Question A.) 50.7 g/mL D = 50.7 g = 1.01 g/mL 50 mL B.) 1.01 g/mL C.) 0.986 g/mL D.) 2535 g/mL E.)

A substance has a density of 25 g/cm3 and takes up 15 mL A substance has a density of 25 g/cm3 and takes up 15 mL. What is its mass? Multiple Choice F iRespond Question A.) 1.67 g 25 g/cm3 = X 15 mL B.) 375 g C.) 0.6 g D.) E.)

What volume will 67 grams of copper with a density of 8.96 g/mL occupy? Multiple Choice F iRespond Question A.) 0.13 mL 8.96 g/mL = 67 g X B.) 7.48 mL C.) 600 mL D.) E.)

Watch GPB Video 202 Classification of Matter

Classification of Matter All matter can be put into two categories; pure substances and mixtures

Pure Substances All samples have the same properties or characteristics and have identical composition They cannot be separated by physical methods Elements and Compounds are pure substances

Element ● Cannot be broken down into other substances by ordinary chemical change ● Contains only one type of atom

Elements in Nature Location Element Abundance Air Nitrogen Oxygen 78% 21%

H O N Cl Br I F Diatomic Elements Are always bonded to themselves in free state (ex: O2) H O N Cl Br I F y rdrogen xygen itrogen orine omine odine luorine

Compounds ● A substance made up of two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed ratio Carbon Dioxide (CO2) always has a ratio of 1 carbon to 2 oxygen atoms ● Properties differ from those of the elements that make it up ● Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by a chemical change (ex: H2O)

Mixtures a blend of two or more substances that are not chemically combined Salt water or Air

Characteristics of Mixtures ● Amount of each substance can be varied ● Individual properties remain unchanged ● Can be separated by physical means

Homogenous Mixture components are uniformly dispersed (same throughout). Often referred to as Solutions Ex: Salt water or air

Heterogeneous Mixture components are not uniformly dispersed (different). Ex: Pile of Salt and Pepper

What is one difference between a mixture and a compound? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) A compound consists of more than one phase. B.) A compound can only be separated into its components by chemical means. C.) A mixture can only be separated into its components by chemical means. D.) A mixture must be uniform in composition. E.)

Which of the following is true about compounds? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) They can be physically separated into their component elements. B.) They have compositions that vary. C.) They are substances. D.) They have properties similar to those of their component elements. E.)

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? iRespond Question F Multiple Choice A.) air B.) salt water C.) steel D.) soil E.)

Matter Test Basics of 3 Phases of Matter Physical/Chemical Properties & Changes Law of Conservation of Matter Density Calculations Intensive/Extensive Properties Distinguish Between Pure Substances & Mixtures Elements: Properties Compounds: Properties Mixtures: Properties Distinguish Between Homogeneous/Heterogeneous Mixtures

States (Phases) of Matter What are the general properties of the three states of matter? Explain them in terms of shape and volume

SOLID Holds its shape Has a definite volume Particles are in fixed positions

LIQUID Has a definite volume Takes the shape of its container

GAS Has no definite shape or volume Expands to fill its container Easily compressed

Properties set of characteristics by which the substance is recognized

Physical Properties observed without altering the identity of the substance Density Hardness Color Conductivity Melting Point

Chemical Properties Can only be observed by altering the composition of a substance Flammability Reactivity with another substance

Changes in Matter Physical Changes changes that do not alter the identity of the substance crushing, tearing, phase changes, dissolving Chemical Changes changes that alter the identity of a substance, a new substance is formed burning, cooking, chemical reactions