An essential industrial process

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Equilibrium &The Haber Process

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Presentation transcript:

An essential industrial process The Haber Process An essential industrial process

The Haber Process This reaction makes ammonia out of hydrogen and nitrogen. The nitrogen comes from the air (78% N).

The Haber Process N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) The Haber process is a REVERSIBLE reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia A reversible reaction is one where the products of the reaction can themselves react to produce the original reactants.

The Haber Process N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) The Haber process is a REVERSIBLE reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia Which direction would the reaction proceed if pressure is increased?

The Haber Process N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) The Haber process is a REVERSIBLE reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia Which direction would the reaction proceed if pressure is increased? RIGHT

The Haber Process N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) The Haber process is a REVERSIBLE reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia Which direction would the reaction proceed if temperature is increased?

The Haber Process N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) The Haber process is a REVERSIBLE reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia Which direction would the reaction proceed if temperature is increased? LEFT! So why is a large temperature used for the reaction?

The Haber Process N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) The Haber process is a REVERSIBLE reaction N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g) (+ heat) nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia Which direction would the reaction proceed if temperature is increased? LEFT! So why is a large temperature used for the reaction? To make it faster.

The Haber Process

The Haber Process Industrial conditions: PRESSURE: 200 atmospheres TEMPERATURE: 4500C CATALYST: Iron

The Haber Key facts H and N are mixed in a 3:1 ratio Because the reaction is reversible not all the nitrogen and hydrogen will convert to ammonia. It is a slow reaction that doesn’t make much product. Making it faster: high temperature and use of a catalyst Making it shift right: increase pressure remove produced ammonia