Le développement des collections: l’impact du numérique et les pratiques en émergence Development of Collections: The Impact of Electronic Resources

Time Line Indexes/ Abstracts Reference Materials Books 1975 1978 1980s 2000- Directories Journals & Articles

Active Journal Characteristics Ulrichsweb, October 2003 Total number of active periodicals ~179,000 Number of active online periodicals ~35,000 Number of active online refereed or scholarly periodicals ~15,000

Growth in Peer Reviewed E-Journals Directory of Scholarly Electronic Journals and Academic Discussion Lists, Editors, Dru W. Mogge and Peter Budka. ARL, 2000

Growth in Full Text Sources Fulltext Sources Online, 2004. Edited by Mary B. Glose. Medford, NJ: Information Today, twice yearly

Directory of Open Access Journals Directories Number of Journals Social Science/Bus/Law 218 Health/Life Science 164 Math/Eng/Tech 110 Humanities 134 Science 128 Total of 822 Journals at DOAJ, 2003, Lund University Libraries Source:http://www.doaj.org DOAJ-Directory of Open Access Journals

Number of Database Records by Year Reference: Martha E. Williams. “The State of Databases Today: 2004” Gale Directory of Databases, 2004, Vol. 1, Part 1. xv-xxv.

Major Models Journal Model Article Model

Journal Model (JSTOR)

Article Model (ProQuest)

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Electronic Journals Paper byproduct Text only Electronic only Document delivery Linked to indexing Electronic only Multimedia Interactive Direct from publisher 1 2 3 4 5

Category 1 1 Paper byproduct, text only, document delivery, linked to indexing, full text searching, from aggregator articles model.

Dialog ASCII Sample

Category 2 2 Text and graphics of full articles, image, document delivery, linked to indexing, print still dominant, usually from aggregator article model

ProQuest PDF Document

Category 3 3 Electronic journals, print still dominant, most of journal is online (e.g., ads, letters), may be less than print, from publisher, journal model

Library Journal http://www.libraryjournal.com

Category 4 4 Electronic journals, offer same or more than print, print still available, multimedia, interactivity, may be limited, from publisher, journal model

Chemical & Engineering News http://pubs.acs.org/cen/

Category 5 5 Fully electronic, no print, multimedia, interactive, direct from publisher, journal model

D-Lib Magazine http://www.dlib.org

Category 6 Fully electronic Direct from authors E-print archives Article model

arXiv.org http://www.arxiv.org

Three Main Economic Models Subscriptions from publishers (transitioning to leases) 2. Pay-to-publish by publishers (“open access publishing”) 3. Subsidized by institutions or individuals (without traditional publishers)

With Traditional Publishers Society Publishers 23% Commercial Publishers 40% Other 21% Educational 16%

Library Owning vs. Borrowing Article Copies Institutional Subscriptions Break-Even Point ILL/Document Delivery

Subscribing vs. Separate Copies Institutional Price Break-Even Point in Number of Readings $100 9.5 $150 12.1 $250 17.3 $500 30.4 $1,000 56.5

Library Subscription Prices Institutional Price Proportion of Journals to which Libraries can Economically Subscribe $100 88.9 $150 84.6 $250 78.2 $500 65.5 $1,000 49.0

Open Access Publishing Author or institution pays Typically $500-$2000 (U.S) per article “Memberships” BioMed Central Public Library of Science

Without Traditional Publishers Institutional Repositories (“University Archiving”) Self-Archiving E-Print Service (e.g., arXiv.org)

Percentages of Acquisitions Dollars Devoted to Electronic Resources in ARL Libraries 110 ARL university libraries reported spending more than $171 million on electronic resources in 2001-02. Source:http://www.arl.org/arl/pr/suppl_stats2001-02.html

Serial & Monograph Expenditures in ARL Libraries Source: Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries. http://www.arl.org/stats/arlstat/graphs/2002/2002t4.html

Serial & Monograph Expenditures in ARL Canadian University Libraries Source: Monograph and Serial Costs in ARL Libraries. http://www.arl.org/stats/arlstat/graphs/2002/2002t2_can.html

Serial & Non-serial Expenditures of Australian Academic Libraries Source: http://www.caul.edu.au/stats (From ’96 to 02 ) http://www.caul.edu.au/stats/caul96.xls http://www.caul.edu.au/stats/caul2002.xls

Serial & Monograph Purchases in ARL Libraries Source: Monograph and Serial Purchases in ARL Libraries. http://www.arl.org/stats/arlstat/graphs/2002/2002t2.html

Serial & Monograph Purchases in ARL Canadian University Libraries Source: Monograph and Serial Purchases in ARL Canadian University Libraries. http://www.arl.org/stats/arlstat/graphs/2002/2002t2_can.html

Print and Electronic Subscriptions at a U.S. University Source: Montgomery and King, “Comparing Library and User Related Costs of Print and Electronic Journal Collections” in D-Lib October 2002. Available at http://wwww.dlib.org/dlib/october02/montgomery/10montgomery.html

Print & Electronic Serial Titles in Australian and New Zealand Academic Libraries Print and Electronic Titles Electronic Titles 43,301 4% 78,385 6% 253,627 17% 1,245,424 83% 1,123,738 90% Print Individual Electronic Serial Titles Electronic Titles Within a Single Publisher Collection Titles Within aggregations Source: CAUL Statistics http://www.caul.edu.au/stats/caul2002-pub.xls

Impacts of Changes in Collection Development Impacts on users Impacts on scholarship

Browsing Searching Core titles Current issues Background Current awareness New topics Old articles Primary research For writing

Sources of Readings Scientists appear to be reading from % and amount of readings from separate copies use of personal subscriptions Scientists appear to be reading from more journals—at least one article per year from approximately 23 journals, up from 13 in the late 1970s and 18 in the mid-1990s.

Average Number of Personal Subscriptions to Scholarly Journals SCC slide 14

Source of Articles Read By Electronic Journals Experience 13% 15.2% 35.8% 46% 41% 49% 15% 37% Advanced 2001- Early (1990-1995) 48% Evolving

Average Time Spent and Number of Articles Read Per Year Per Scientist 2001-2002 # read = ~230; Time spent = ~147

Major Issues Aggregations or journal titles? Bundled or stand alone subscriptions? Subscriptions or open access? Pay per use, per user, per institution? Consortia or alone?