Korematsu v. U.S. 1944

During WWII, FDR was advised to sign Executive Order 9066 relocated/excluded citizens of Japanese ancestry from areas: critical to national defense potentially vulnerable to espionage Fred Korematsu American born citizen refused to move & stayed in California violated Civilian Exclusion Order No. 34 of the US Army

14th Amendment: Civil Rights, Executive Order, 5th Amendment Did the President and Congress go beyond their war powers by implementing exclusion and restricting the rights of Americans of Japanese descent?

Supreme Court Ruling 6 votes in favor of US 3 votes against

Implications of the Ruling Compulsory exclusion Justified during circumstances of “emergency and peril.” Government’s need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu’s rights Justice Black