T. Vedeld, M. Ndour, A. Coly, S. Hellevik Floods, urban planning and multi-level governance in Coastal West Africa The case of Saint-Louis T. Vedeld, M. Ndour, A. Coly, S. Hellevik NFU Annual Conference, 26-27 November, 2012 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld Senior development researcher

Overview of presentation Basic approach and assumptions Exposure & vulnerability Structure of neighbourhood Councils (quartier) Empirical findings on citizens’ actions in DRM Structure of urban governance - role of key actors Empirical findings on governance, planning, DRM/CCA Implications for policy and theory 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld

Basic approach To explain division of responsibility for DRM & CCA between state and municipality and how various policy instruments are applied i) Institutional (coordination, decentralised organisation, accountability, pluralisation, participation) ii) Legal/regulative iii) Finance iv) Informative/knowledge Key attention to the role of municipality and two local case-Councils on i) flash floods & ii) coastal flooding/erosion

Multi-level analysis of urban governance and DRM/CCA Analyse interface between urban governance/planning system and flood risks and vulnerability (national, city, local) Multi-level and multi-organisational – interplay of state and non-state actors Useful with governance approach (= steering of public arenas/society) State centric approach 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld

Assumption & methods Assumption Opportunities for improved DRM & CCA lie in integration at lower levels (municipality and below) Finds support in different theory strains Methods Semi-structured interviews, observations of local practices by local students, reviews of policies/laws, plans, literature 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld

Saint Louis, Senegal 200 000 people 300 mm/year Exremely low lying settlements Flash floods – river floods 80 000 people affected in 2010 floods

Saint Louis, Senegal Coastal & riverine city Located on four low-lying islands – former wetlands

Exposed, vulnerable citizens with some local response capacity Exposed informal settlements due to rapid urbanization (3% growth, 30% in informal areas) Vulnerability (lack of storm drains, sewerage, solid waste, green space, infrastructure) Poor and vulnerable citizens (assets, livelihoods) But organized, proactive and engaged civil society

The neighbourhood Council (Conseill de Quartier) Elected local Council with representation from the following (but not legalized); Youth Sport and Cultural Associations Women/female youth group Teacher-Parents group Health and sanitation committee Relgious groups Economic interest groups Neighborhood development associations 22/11/2018 Cluva Saint-Louis

Findings: Citizens’ DRM actions Protect own houses and assets; aware of flood risks Involved in local development planning Design projects on climate risk reduction Advocate for assistance from above Organized young people and raised local awareness Helped organize training of teachers on CCA Mobilized for new road & storm drains But lacks legitimacy and finance 22/11/2018 Guy Weets

Levels of governance in Saint-Louis Niveau communautaire Niveau décentralisé Comité, commission Niveau déconcentré Niveau municipal Niveau quartier régional Comité Régional de développement Gouverneur Services techniques Préfet Maire Conseil Municipal Agence de développement communale Services techn municip Conseil de quartiers Délégué Président Conseil Association sportives et culturelles Organisation communautaire de base Source, COLY A., NDOUR M., GUEYE S., in press 22/11/2018 Cluva Saint-Louis

Multi-level governance of flood risks Central and regional state agencies – coordinate at national and regional levels, finance, land use planning + river flood control, stormwater, disaster response Municipality - urban development planning (not land use), green structures, solid waste and post-disaster recovery Private sector - water supply and protection of water infrastructure, housing, construction NGOs - Red Cross Citizens/local groups - protection of assets, early evacuation, cleaning of drains, solid waste, ecosystem mngmt/destruction 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld

Multi-level actors in urban planning/governance and DRM/CCA Institutional level Actors/ institutions DRM/flood response CCA/long-term risk red Development ”low-regrets” International WB/AFD, UN Med Low State Key services Regional state Governor, planners, core services, High Municipal Planners, services Ward/quartier Councillors Civic/local gr. Diverse gr.s. Citizens Individuals NGOs Red Cross Private sector Developers 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld

Findings on governance and planning Municipality not ”in charge” – undermines autonomy and accountability Urban plans with limited integration of CCA/DRM No planning design principles Weak land control and enforcement Weak involvement of non-state actors Limited links between DRM and CCA CCA more of a national concern than DRM l Trond Vedeld

Findings on governance & floods risk management No real institutional home with municipality Lack representation at higher levels Weak regional government; strong regional state services (Governor) Overlaps and unclearity between municipality/state Weak lines of command (vertical/horizontal) No EWS and weak emergency management 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld

Stronger integration of DRM/CCA in governance - requires Create institutional homes + financial support Establish coordination & operational integration Shift towards long-term DRM/CCA Address inequality/informality and build local political capacity and accountabilities 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld

Support of theory – findings support Urban DRM/CCA theory; flood risks spill across judicial, administrative and socio-ecological boundaries Ostrom and Oakerson on polycentric governance James Manor’s work on decentralisation Richard Crook’s work on sivil service; «islands of effectiveness» Judith Tendler’s work from Brazil; state services can build accountability 22/11/2018 Trond Vedeld