北京中科泛华测控技术有限公司 www.pansino.com.cn Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 GPIB 仪器控制技术 北京中科泛华测控技术有限公司 The academic seminar is designed to introduce professors to National Instruments and Virtual Instrumentation, then to demonstrate products that can be used in academia. Subsequently provide a brief presentation on the academic resources: books, courseware, academic community, product bundles, and site licenses. www.pansino.com.cn

仪器的发展历史 Virtual Instrumentation Fully Programmable System Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 仪器的发展历史 VXI Chassis DAQ Boards with RTSI Fully Programmable System GUI IEEE 488 Rack and Stack System Analog Instrumentation Virtual Instrumentation To discuss virtual instrumentation, it is important to understand how instruments have evolved over time. Instruments must continue to evolve for science and technology to progress. In the last 50 years, instruments have evolved by leveraging off of widely used general-purpose technology. This trend is continuing now, as the PC is changing the way instruments are built and used. Over the years, instruments have evolved in terms of both flexibility and the degree in which they integrate with other instruments into systems. The first generation of instruments were analog instruments manually controlled from their front panels. Measurements from these instruments had to be recorded by hand. The users had no flexibility in user interface design, measurement capabilities, or computational features. With the invention of the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) and digital instruments, users could control systems both programmatically and manually. Each GPIB instrument was designed for a specific measurement, and users 搑acked and stacked?a number of instruments to create a complete measurement system. The computer-controlled measurement

Hardware & Driver Software Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 Road Map Application Software Measurement Studio LabVIEW Hardware & Driver Software GPIB Serial DAQ VXI Image Acquisition We hope that the information presented in today’s “Hot PC Technologies” seminar has been informative and will help you leverage Windows 2000, ActiveX, the Internet, and high-performance PCs, like the Dell Precision workstation, to help you build solutions for your most challenging measurement and automation applications. We have shown how Windows 2000 provides many benefits in performance and ease of use in the world’s most popular operating system. Additionally, we have shown you a platform for developing measurement and automation applications that includes PXI/CompactPCI, data acquisition products for both PCI and USB, and Ethernet-based FieldPoint. By combining the OS and this measurement and automation platform with software like Measurement Studio, LabVIEW, and TestStand, you can take advantage of many modern software development techniques and technologies. The Internet and networking have expanded our view of the worlds and allow you to develop measurement and automation applications that stretch across the enterprise and even around the world. Combined with software components designed for portability and networking, you can create powerful measurement and automation systems that were not possible even a year ago. We invite you to contact National Instruments or visit our Web site for more information on building high performance and integrated measurement and automation systems at a low cost. Motion Control PXI Process or Unit Under Test

IEEE 488 仪器控制标准 从 1975年就成为编程的标准 8位的并行协议 传输率低于1 Mbytes/s 标准电缆 最多控制14台仪器 Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 IEEE 488 仪器控制标准 从 1975年就成为编程的标准 8位的并行协议 传输率低于1 Mbytes/s 标准电缆 最多控制14台仪器 有大量支持其标准的仪器 In 1965, Hewlett-Packard designed the Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB) to connect their line of programmable instruments to their computers. Because of its high transfer rate (nominally 1 Mbytes/s), this interface bus quickly gained popularity. The IEEE accepted this bus as IEEE Standard 488-1975. Before this standard, each instrument manufacturer had its own proprietary interface for programmable instruments. The ANSI/IEEE 488-1975 standard, now called IEEE 488.1, greatly simplified the interconnection of programmable instruments by clearly defining mechanical, electrical, and hardware protocol specifications. For the first time, you could connect instruments from different manufacturers with a standard cable. The typical GPIB system consists of multiple GPIB instruments (up to 14) and a Controller (usually a GPIB interface board installed in a computer) connected by standard GPIB cables. The Controller typically sends program commands to instruments and the instruments return formatted data and response messages to the Controller. Today, the installed base of IEEE 488 instruments consists of thousands of instruments from hundreds of manufacturers. There are instruments for scientific, engineering, medical, advanced automated test equipment (ATE), radio frequency (RF), and microwave applications. ANSI/IEEE 488.2-1987 strengthens IEEE 488.1 by precisely defining how Controllers and instruments communicate. IEEE 488.2 kept the IEEE 488.1 standard completely intact, but made systems more compatible and program development easier by defining standard data codes and formats, a status reporting model, a message exchange protocol (defining how Controllers send commands and how instruments send responses), a set of common commands for all instruments, and Controller requirements. The IEEE 488.2 standard focuses on the software protocol issues, while the IEEE 488.1 is primarily hardware oriented. IEEE 488.2 makes it possible to design more compatible and productive test systems.

GPIB控制的领先者 IEEE 488 厂商 National Instruments Hewlett-Packard Company A Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 GPIB控制的领先者 IEEE 488 厂商 National Instruments Hewlett-Packard Company A Company B Since 1989, National Instruments has been named the leading IEEE 488 vendor in the Personal Engineering and Instrumentation News annual reader survey. This slide shows the results of the February 1994 survey. Company C 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 Score

GPIB 通信实例 GPIB Write "F0R0S2" DMM "1.8524" 控制器 GPIB Read GPIB 电缆 GPIB Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 GPIB 通信实例 GPIB Write "F0R0S2" GPIB 电缆 GPIB Interface DMM The slide shows an example of communication between a GPIB Controller and a digital multimeter. The ASCII string command 揊0R0S2?is sent over GPIB using a GPIB write function to configure the multimeter. A GPIB read function reads back the measurement value. Notice that the command 揊0R0S2?is specific to this particular instrument. "1.8524" 控制器 GPIB Read

NI-488.2 总线接口软件 NI-488.2 高速设备驱动程序 IEEE 488.2 子程序 NI-488 函数 调试和开发工具 Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 NI-488.2 总线接口软件 NI-488.2 高速设备驱动程序 IEEE 488.2 子程序 NI-488 函数 调试和开发工具 动态和交互设置 SRQ 处理 Configuration Program Interactive Control Program Interactive Control Program Function Library GPIB 接口 NI-488.2 is the GPIB driver software shipped with our GPIB controller products. IBM endorsed its predecessor, NI-488, in the early 1980s. Subsequently, NI488.2 (and NI-488) became a de facto industry standard for GPIB control software. Each NI-488.2/NI-488 software package includes a high-speed device driver, a configuration program, and an interactive control program. The NI-488.2 driver is a subroutine device driver. The subroutine driver has superior performance and is best suited to users of compiled languages, unlike the character I/O drivers other vendors choose. You can configure the driver manually through the configuration program or dynamically within an application program. The driver has two distinct sets of functions. The NI-488 functions have been an industry standard for many years. Their bus-level protocols and sequences adhere to the IEEE 488.2 standard. The NI-488 functions have two levels of functionality. The high-level (device) functions perform all bus management activity and are easy to use. The low-level (board) functions provide maximum flexibility. The NI-488.2 routines closely follow the naming conventions of the protocols and sequences in IEEE 488.2. The NI-488.2 routines are suitable for multiple-board and/or multiple-device systems, because they easily handle multiple-device communication in single routine calls. Debugging and development utilities include an interactive control program that you use to control instruments from the keyboard. Some NI-488.2 packages include additional error checking utilities, such as Applications Monitor for DOS and GPIB SPY for Windows. IEEE 488.2 Devices IEEE 488.1 Devices

LabVIEW GPIB Library VIs Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 GPIB 实例 IBCONF GPIB Board NI GPIB Interfaces Device Manager Windows 98 System Registry GPIB_32.DLL LabVIEW GPIB Library VIs You can change device parameters using the Vis in the LabVIEW GPIB Library The configuration program stores various parameters for controlling the GPIB, such as device-specific names, GPIB addresses, and board installation information. Press <F8> to view the GPIB configuration. Press <F9> to return to Windows. Demo

GPIB 实例 IBIC Demo Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 The IBIC (Interface Bus Interactive Control) program helps verify that communication is established. With this program tool you can send commands to the instrument and receive the response without needing to write a program. 1. Double-click on the WIBIC icon to launch the interactive program for testing the communication between the computer and the instrument. 2. Type the command IBFIND GPIB0 after the :?prompt to connect to the board. A nonerror response indicates success. 3. Type IBFIND DEV9 to set up communication with the GPIB device at address 9. 4. Type IBWRT "*IDN" to send a three-letter command to the instrument, requesting its identification. 5. Type IBRD 25 to receive the instrument抯 response. Demo

仪器的驱动程序 1000多种仪器的驱动程序 60多个厂商的产品 提供源程序 减少开发时间 操作接口 I/O 接口 Instrument Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 仪器的驱动程序 操作接口 I/O 接口 1000多种仪器的驱动程序 60多个厂商的产品 提供源程序 减少开发时间 Instrument Driver Controlling instruments with IEEE 488/488.2, RS-232, or VXIbus interfaces from LabVIEW is faster and easier with instrument drivers. An instrument driver is a high-level set of functions that initializes, configures, measures, or controls a particular instrument. The instrument driver automatically converts the configure or measure function into a low-level command string understood by the instrument and handles all GPIB, RS-232, or VXI hardware interface issues to send the command to the instrument. More than 300 IEEE 488, RS-232, VXI message-based and VXI register-based instrument drivers are available to developers. With instrument driver development and editing tools available in LabVIEW, users can build their own drivers or edit the source code of any existing LabVIEW instrument driver as needed. 功能接口 编程接口

利用LabVIEW进行频率响应的自动测量 Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 利用LabVIEW进行频率响应的自动测量

滤波器的频率特性测量 db = 20 log10 Vo/Vi Fi=Fl*((Fh/Fl)^(i/(N-1))) Demo 函数发生器 Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 滤波器的频率特性测量 函数发生器 DMM db = 20 log10 Vo/Vi Fi=Fl*((Fh/Fl)^(i/(N-1))) Demo

Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 自动测试与非自动测试的比较 时间花费 测量次数

仪器的图形用户界面设计 Demo Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 One of the major reasons Microsoft Windows has become the standard operating system for the PC is its common user interface for applications. Windows provides a graphical layer on top of DOS for intuitive, easy-to-use interfaces to applications, which make PCs usable to larger and larger markets. Naturally, as Windows gains favor on the PC, end-users want to take advantage of its GUI capabilities in the applications they build. A variety of tools and utilities have become available for creating and manipulating extensive GUI objects. LabWindows/CVI development tools meet the specific needs of scientists and engineers for GUI design and control. Demo

Academic Seminar 2018/11/22

对仪器驱动程序的批评: - 增加系统开销 (较慢) - 结构不统一 - 需要修改 其它要求: - 可以互换 - 多线程 - 可以进行模拟 Academic Seminar 今天的仪器驱动程序 2018/11/22 对仪器驱动程序的批评: - 增加系统开销 (较慢) - 结构不统一 - 需要修改 其它要求: - 可以互换 - 多线程 - 可以进行模拟

降低维护和支持费用 减少系统 时间开销 部门之间共享代码 方便/快捷地对仪器编程 IVI - 可互换的驱动程序 优越性 Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 IVI - 可互换的驱动程序 优越性 降低维护和支持费用 减少系统 时间开销 部门之间共享代码 方便/快捷地对仪器编程

测试程序 IVI DMM Class Driver Fluke 45 IVI Driver Keithley 2001IVI Driver Academic Seminar 2018/11/22 仪器可互换性 基本概念 测试程序 (CVI, LabVIEW, VB, etc) IVI DMM Class Driver Fluke 45 IVI Driver Keithley 2001IVI Driver NI 4050 IVI Driver

函数发生器 Function Generator 开关 Switch 电源 Power Supply Academic Seminar 五个基本的Class Driver 2018/11/22 示波器 oscilloscope 数字万用表 DMM 函数发生器 Function Generator 开关 Switch 电源 Power Supply

IVI 基金会成员 Boeing GEC Marconi test systems* GenRad Lockheed martin Academic Seminar IVI 基金会成员 2018/11/22 Boeing GEC Marconi test systems* GenRad Lockheed martin Lucent technologies* Marconi north America* (formerly GDE systems) National instruments* Northrop Grumman* Raytheon TI systems* *Founding members

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