Epenthesis

Epenthesis Adding a sound 2

Transitional Epenthesis New sound appears as a result of transition between two sounds 3

Transitional Epenthesis New sound appears as a result of transition between two sounds Example ‘also’ > [altso] Palatograms Tongue contact of [l] + [s] is [t] 4

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [l]? 5

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [l]? [mbl] 6

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [l]? [mbl] Historically Bramble < bramle Thimble < thimle 7

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [s]? 8

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [s]? [mps] 9

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [s]? [mps] Non-standard ‘hampster’ 10

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [k]? 11

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [m] and [k]? [mpk] Pumpkin < pumkin 12

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [n] and [r]? [ndr] Greek: andros < anros 13

Transitional Epenthesis What is transitional consonant between [n] and [r]? [ndr] Greek: andros < anros Why? [n] nasal airflow [r] oral airflow Switch from nasal to oral causes pressure when released orally is [d] 14

Transitional Epenthesis Some cases are written in standard Pumpkin Thimble Bramble 15

Transitional Epenthesis Some cases are written in standard Pumpkin Thimble Bramble Consume + ion > consumption Redeem _ ion > redemption 16

Transitional Epenthesis Some cases are not written in standard Hampster Hantsen Warmpth Respontse Winds (not loses) 17

Transitional Epenthesis Spanish epenthesis is written [omre] > ‘hombre’ 18

Hiatus avoidance Hiatus: adjacent vowels in different syllables ‘chaos’ ‘reorder’ ‘see every’ ‘idea’ ‘every individual’ 19

Hiatus avoidance Avoidance by intrusive [ɹ] Brenda [ɹ] and Bob The idea [ɹ] of it 20

Hiatus avoidance Avoidance by glottal stop ‘see [ʔ] every’ ‘so [ʔ] over’ ‘I [ʔ] honestly’ 21

Glottal stop epenthesis [ʔ] epenthesized before word initial vowels after pause [ʔ] interesting idea [ʔ] only you 22

Transitional epenthetic vowels [tr], [tl], [br], [dr] are separated by very short vowel Caused by interval between stop release and tap occlusion 23

Transitional epenthetic vowels [tr], [tl], [br], [dr] are separated by very short vowel Caused by interval between stop release and tap occlusion Marlett transcribes with [ə̆] 24

Epenthetic vowels Some consonant clusters are odd or non- existent in a language Vowels inserted to break them up English borrowings in Japanese Asterisk > asuterisuku MacDonald > macudonarudo 25

Epenthetic vowels Some consonant clusters are odd or non- existent in a language Vowels inserted to break them up English borrowings in Japanese Asterisk > asuterisuku MacDonald > macudonarudo English borrowings in Spanish Scanner > escáner Stress > estrés 26

Epenthetic vowels Odd clusters in English [Ɵl] Athlete > athalete [lt] Realtor > realator 27

Epenthetic vowels Odd clusters in English [Ɵl] Athlete > athalete [lt] Realtor > realator [lm] Film > filum 28

Epenthetic vowels Odd clusters in Portuguese [dv] Advogado > adivogado [dk] Adquirir > adiquirir 29

Exercise What is the status of glottal stop? 30

Spanish Epenthesis Epenthesis is an active process in Spanish Scanner > escáner Stress > estrés 31

Spanish Epenthesis Epenthesis is an active process in Spanish Scanner > escáner Stress > estrés Add [e] before word-initial [sC] 32

Spanish Epenthesis Epenthesis is an active process in Spanish Scanner > escáner Stress > estrés Add [e] before word-initial [sC] Some say this process applies to native words also /skwela/ > [eskwela] /sponxa/ > [esponxa] 33

Spanish Epenthesis What do these data suggest? Esférico spherical Hemisférico hemispherical Esclerosis sclerosis Arteriosclerosis arteriosclerosis Estático static Hipostático hypostatic 34

Spanish Epenthesis What do these data suggest? Estatal state, adj. Interestatal interstate Espionaje espionage Contraespionaje counterespionage Esfera sphere Semiesfera semisphere 35

Spanish Epenthesis What do these data suggest? Esperado expected In(e)sperado unexpected Escolar school, adj. Pre(e)scolar preschool Escribir write Re(e)scribir rewrite 36