Acids and bases

Properties Properties of acids Aqueous solutions taste sour Electrolytes Change the color of indicators React with metals to produce hydrogen gas Reacts with bases to produce salts and water

Nomenclature Naming Acids Identify the anion (cation will be hydrogen) If single element, any hydro- and change ending to –ic If polyatomic ending in –ate, change –ate to –ic If polyatomic ending in –ite, change -ite to –ous To all end name with acid

Properties Properties of bases Aqueous solutions taste bitter Bases change the color of indicators Dilute solutions feel slippery React with acids to produce salts and water Electrolytes

Arrhenius Theory Acid base theory Arrhenius Acids Arrhenius Bases Any substance that ionizes to form hydronium ions in solution (produces H+) Arrhenius Bases Any substance that produces hydroxide ions in solution

Brønsted-Lowry Theory Acid base theory Brønsted-Lowry Theory Brønsted-Lowry Acid Acids are proton donors Brønsted-Lowry base Bases are proton acceptors

Conjugate Acid Base Reactions Examples

Lewis Theory Acid base theory Lewis Acid Lewis Base Acid is an electron pair acceptor Lewis Base Base is an electron pair donor

Neutralization Reactions Examples

Acid base calculations [H3O+] x [OH-1] = 1 x 10-14 pH + pOH = 14 pH = -log [H3O+] Same applies to pOH pH scale 0-7 acid and 7-14 base

Calculations Examples

Common indicators Indicators Phenolphthalein Litmus Paper Methyl Red Clear when acidic and pink when basic Litmus Paper Bases turn red blue and acids turn blue red Methyl Red Pink when acidic and light yellow when basic