Colonial Empires in the Americas 1492-1776

Major Themes Empires of Spain Empires of France Colonies of Britain Colonies of the Dutch Major Themes

Empires of Spain Explain the early Spanish settlement of the Americas Describe the colonial society in New France Empires of Spain

Conquest of Mexico Hernan Cortez Invasion Strategy Diego Velazquez Cuba Invasion Yucatan Peninsula Maliche (Dona Marina) Tlaxcalan Montezuma Quetzacoatl Tenochtitlan Strategy hostage “noche triste” small pox Conquest of Mexico

The Colony of New Spain Mexico City Conquistadors Pizarro Incas Atahualpa Other Conquistadors Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Hernando de Soto Borderlands New Mexico presidios mission houses El Camino Real The Colony of New Spain

Spanish American Society hidalgos encomienda system class structure society peninsulares criollos mestizo mullatos Council of the Indies food haciendas vaqueros Spanish American Society

Review Questions for Empires of Spain Why were the Spanish successful in defeating the Aztecs? Why did many Spanish conquistadors set out on expeditions to America? How were social classes determined in the Spanish colonies in the Americas? Review Questions for Empires of Spain

French Empire in America King Francis I (1524) Giovanni da Verrazano Northwest Passage Jacques Cartier fur trade Quebec Samuel de Champlain Coureurs de bois Jesuit missionaries New France problems solutions Mississippi River Louis Joliet & Jacques Marquette Robert de La Salle St. Augustine (1565) French Empire in America

Why were the Spanish successful in defeating the Aztecs? Why did many Spanish conquistadors set out on expeditions to America? How were social classes determined in the Spanish colonies in the Americas? What was the main purpose for establishing the colony of New France? Why did the French begin importing enslaved Africans to Louisiana in the early 1700’s? Review Questions

British Colonies in America Explain the religious and economic reasons why England became interested in America. Describe the founding of Jamestown and explain why it succeeded. British Colonies in America

Interest John Cabot (1497) Lack of colonization financing signs of wealth Catholic claims Protestant Reformation (1517) Martin Luther John Calvin English Reformation King Henry VIII Anglican Church Puritans Enclosure Movement transition from agriculture to trade (wool) Surplus joint stock companies Interest

The Return to America Martin Frobisher Rivals Military Bases market for wool Northwest Passage Rivals Military Bases Sir Humphrey Gilbert & Sir Walter Raleigh 2. Lost Colony of Roanoke 3. Virginia The Return to America

Jamestown Virginia Company Troubles James River Jamestown (1607) swamp settlers John Smith & Powhatan Confederacy Incentives land tobacco (John Rolfe) House of Burgesses headrights royal colony (1622) Jamestown

Maryland Lord Baltimore, George Calvert refuge for Catholics proprietary colony Maryland

Review Questions for English Colonization What religious and economic changes led to England’s interest in establishing colonies in America? Why did England come to the aid of the Dutch in the mid-1500’s? Why was the settlement of Jamestown in trouble from its beginning? Why did Lord Baltimore establish the colony of Maryland? Review Questions for English Colonization

Discuss why John Winthrop founded Massachusetts and describe the Puritan society established there. Describe why New England settlers such as Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison let the Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritan New England

Plymouth Separatists Plymouth Colony Mayflower (1620) Cape Cod William Bradford Squanto Thanksgiving Plymouth

Puritan Massachusetts Puritans King Charles I wool John Winthrop Massachusetts Bay Company 2. “City Upon A Hill” 3. Great Migration Massachusetts Bay Colony General Court role of the church heresy Puritan Massachusetts

Other New England Colonies Puritan intolerance Roger Williams “would not officiate to an 2. unseparated people” 3. view of Native Americans 4. Providence, Rhode Island Anne Hutchison banishment Portsmouth Connecticut Rev. Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Pequot War New Hampshire & Maine Captain John Mason Sir Fernando Gorges Other New England Colonies

King Philip’s War peace after the Pequot War Wampanoag trial Metacomet significance King Philip’s War

Review Questions Why did the Pilgrims immigrate to America? Why were many Puritans willing to leave England for America during the early 1600’s? Why did the General Court in Massachusetts banish several of its colonists? What disagreement did Thomas Hooker have with the Massachusetts government? What event led to King Philip’s War? Review Questions

Middle & Southern Colonies Discuss the ideas of William Penn and the Quakers. Analyze the “holy experiment” in the colony of Pennsylvania. Explain why the English colonies were successful in population and economics. Middle & Southern Colonies

English Civil War King Charles I (1642) Parliament Oliver Cromwell “Lord Protector of England” Colonial support Virginia Maryland New England Restoration (1660) English Civil War

New Netherland Dutch East India Company Colonial Availability Henry Hudson New Amsterdam Colonial Availability open policy diversity James, Duke of York Colony of New Jersey Sir George Carteret & Lord John Berkley Incentives New Netherland

Pennsylvania William Penn (1680) Beliefs “the Holy Experiment” petition for a grant of land Quakers Beliefs “inner light” Pacifism “the Holy Experiment” complete religious & political freedom Treaty of Shackamaxon – Lenni Lenape Philadelphia Delaware Pennsylvania

Southern Colonies eight other friends and allies “Carolina” sparse settlement exporters of naval stores South Carolina Georgia Experiment James Oglethorpe home for debtors Southern Colonies

Why did Maryland’s leaders support the king instead of Parliament? Why did people from many parts of Europe settle in New Netherland? Why did William Penn establish the colony of Pennsylvania? Why did North Carolina develop slowly as a colony? Review Questions