Chapter 12 Using Language

Introduction Language does not merely describe reality, it helps to create it. Perception Social construction of knowledge

Meanings of Words Denotation/Connotation

Activity

Using Language Accurately Accuracy and credibility Subtle differences in like terms Persecution vs. prosecution Education/Knowledge/Expertise Writer/Journalist/Novelist

Using Language Clearly Use familiar words Choose concrete words Eliminate clutter Papers vs. Speeches

Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest The Pilgrims and Native Americans gathered around the feast, a veritable cornucopia of harvest and game, a gastronomic monument to the bountiful biodiversity of the land, and while Mrs. Standish’s cranberry sauce was a far cry from the homogeneous gelatinous can-imprinted sacrosanct blob which has become the holiday’s sine qua non, the rest of the food was good

Using Language Vividly Vivid, animated language Imagery Concrete words Simile Metaphor

Appropriateness…

… to the occasion “You guys” / “You all” Certain language for certain contexts

… to the audience Use language that suits the audience Jargon Profanity Technical language

… to the topic Do what’s best for the topic and comprehension Differences in types of speeches

… to the speaker Develop and become familiar with your own style Blend this style with the needs of the other components

Inclusive Language Avoid the generic “He” Avoid stereotyping jobs and social roles by gender Use names that groups use to identify themselves