Notes: Ionic Bonds 1. Key Concept: Ionic bonds form when electrons are _________ from one atom to another atom. transferred Like all chemical bonds, ionic bonds form so that the ________ ______ _____ of the atoms in the bonds are filled. outermost energy levels In an ionic bond, one atom has ____ electrons. lost gained The other atom has ______ electrons.

2. Atoms will lose or gain electrons to have 8 electrons in their _____ ______ level. outer energy Wants to lose 1 electron Wants to gain 1 electron sodium chlorine

REMEMBER, This is a happy atom!

3, A transfer of electrons between atoms changes the ______of electrons in each atom. number protons same But the number of _______ stays the ____ in each atom. ions The atoms become ____.

charged particles 4. Ions are ______ _______that form when atoms gain or lose electrons. If an ion has more protons than electrons, it is a _______ ion. positive If an ion has more electrons than protons, it is a _______ ion. negative

5. Forming Positive Ions positive ions Atoms that lose electrons form ______ ___ because these atoms have ____ ______than electrons. more protons There are more positive charges than negative charges. positive The net charge on these ions is _______.

few 6. Atoms of most metals have ___ electrons in their outermost energy level. metal atoms When _____ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend to lose these valence electrons and form ______ ____. positive ions The chemical symbol for the aluminum ion is Al3+.

energy 7. When an atom loses electrons, _____ is needed to overcome the attraction of the electrons to the protons in the nucleus. easily The metals in Groups 1 and 2 react _____ because the energy needed to remove electrons from their atoms is so _____. small

8. Forming Negative Ions negative ions Atoms that gain electrons form ______ ___ because these atoms have ____ _______ than protons. more electrons There are more negative charges than positive charges. negative The net charge on these ions is _______.

almost full 9. Atoms of most nonmetals have _____ ___ outermost energy levels. nonmetal atoms When _______ _____ bond with other atoms, they tend to gain electrons to fill their outermost level and form ______ ____. negative ions The chemical symbol for the oxide ion is O2-.

fill 10. Atoms of most nonmetals ___ their outermost energy level by ______ _______. gaining electrons given off Energy is _____ ___ by most nonmetal atoms when they ____ electrons. gain more easily The ____ _____ an atom gains an electron, the ____ _____ the atom releases. more energy halogens The _______, such as fluorine and chlorine, are ___ _______ because they release a ____ ______ of energy. very reactive large amount

11. Forming Ionic Compounds ionic bond An ____ ____ forms because of the strong forces of ________ between the ______ ____ ___ and the _______ ______ ___. attraction positive metal ions negative nonmetal ions opposite charges The _______ ______of the ions causes the ions to ____ _______. stick together

When a metal and a nonmetal combine by ionic bonding, the _______ _______ has ________ ________ than the metal and nonmetal did. resulting compound different properties

12. Ionic Compounds The ions that make up an ionic compound are bonded in a repeating three-dimensional pattern called a _____ _____. crystal lattice The crystal lattice is built up so that the positive ions are _______to the negative ions. nearest

13. Properties of Ionic Compounds brittle solids at room temperature break apart when hit with a hammer high melting points magnesium oxide melts at 2,800ºC very high boiling points high solubility in water sea water tastes salty because it has sodium chloride and many other ionic compounds dissolved in it