Late 1800s Party Organization – Local Urban Political Machines PATRONAGE RULED! What is it? Urban city machines ruled in the late 1800’s For example? Some survived much later Mayor Daley of Chicago, 1950s-70s

Fifth Party Era: 1968-present Divided Government What is divided government? Southern Realignment also began in ‘68 Nixon’s Southern strategy to break D dominance: South realigned to a GOP stronghold

Political Parties – Structure: Three major components of Political Parties (3-headed Political Giant): Party in the Electorate that means us … the voters! Party Organization National, state, and local levels Party in Government People in office, the policymakers

Party in the Electorate: What do you do to join? Any dues? Recent trends in party affiliation?

Party Affiliation: January 31, 2011 Other R - D 2011 Jan 35.4% 35.0% Republican Democrat Other R - D Quarterly 2011 Jan 35.4% 35.0% 29.6% 0.4% 2010 Dec 37.0% 33.7% 29.3% 3.3% 0.6% Nov 36.0% 34.7% 1.3% Oct 33.4% 36.3% 30.3% -2.9% Sept 33.1% 34.6% 32.3% -1.5% -2.1% Aug 33.8% 31.1% -1.2% July 31.8% 32.8% -3.6% June 33.0% 31.6% -2.4% -3.3% May 32.0% 35.1% -3.1% Apr 32.5% -4.4% Mar 32.9% 36.2% 30.9% Feb 32.1% -3.0%

The Party in the Electorate

Party Coalitions Today (Figure 8.2)

Generalizations for Democrats: Generalizations for Republicans:

2010 AP EXAM Source: Web site of the clerk of the House of Representatives (http:// 3. Over the last several decades, the composition of the Democratic and Republican parties has changed in important ways. A major partisan shift has occurred in the South, but other demographic changes have also been identified. Changes in party composition are reflected at different rates in presidential elections than in congressional elections. (a) Identify one specific trend evident in the figure above. (c) Several other changes in party composition have emerged in the past few decades. For each of the following groups explain how parties have changed in composition with respect to that group. Catholics - Labor Union Members - Women - Social Conservatives Work with shoulder partner – go to Edmodo / see assignment / brainstorm and research your response.