Nelwati, MN FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER: PROCESSES ESSAY NELWATI, S.Kp, MN

Chronological order: a way of organising ideas in the order of their occurrence in time. It can be used to tell stories, to relate historical events, and to write biographies and autobiographies. It can also be used to explain processes and procedures. Eg: how to take a blood pressure.

The process pattern of organisation is especially important in scientific writing. For example, it is used to describe biological process such as T cell lymphocyte production, the digestive process chemical processes such as interaction of drugs, and technical processes such as a colonoscopy.

Process essay pattern of organisation Introduction Paragraph 1. State what the process is and why it is important. 2. Give background information, and define the process. 3. State the thesis statement to include the purpose and the main idea of the essay

Body paragraphs A paragraph in the body of essay consists of the following: Topic sentence Mayor supporting sentences Minor supporting sentences.

Concluding paragraph 1. Paraphrase the thesis statement. 2. Summarise the main steps of the process.

Thesis statements for a process essay A thesis statement for a process essay in some way indicates the time order. Expressions such as the process of, the procedure for, plan, develop, evolve, five stages, several phases. Eg: the main steps in the process of heating water by solar radiation are (1) trapping the suns energy, (2) heating and storing the hot water, (3) distributing the hot water to its points of use.

Transition signals for chronological order Chronological order signal words are especially important in a process essay. You have to be clear about the sequence of steps. Eg: first, first of all, second, third. then, next, after that, soon, later. finally, last, last of all,. meanwhile, at the same time, now. after, as soon as, before, since, until. the first step, on the third day, after leaving home, for five minutes, several years ago, a few weeks later and etc.

Example Outline A PROCESS OF DIGESTION 1. Introduction Thesis: ingestion, digestion, and absorption are the three major steps involved in the digestive process. 2. Food is ingested; food enters the mouth, food is chewed, food is ready to travel to the stomach. 3. Food is digested; food is mixed with acidic gastric juices in the stomach, the partially liquid food moves from the stomach to the small intestine, enzymes are secreted.

4. Absorption; the digested food passes through the walls of the small intestine, the digested food id absorbed into the bloodstream. 5. Conclusion Paraphrased thesis. The completed essay

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