The Sun It’s big! It’s bright! It’s necessary! http://www.nasa.gov/images/content/665490main_20120705_114522-orig_full.jpg (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

3-2-1 The Sun On your whiteboards Three things you already know about the Sun (each person writes one item) Two things you find interesting about the Sun (talk among your group members) One question you still have about the Sun While students are completing the activity, circulate the room and see where the students’ thinking is. Choose a few students who have a great summary of what you have already covered on the Sun. Allow students to offer up their questions and see if anyone can answer them already. Keep the unanswered questions in mind as you teach and try and address as many as possible to feed into students’ curiosity. (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

NASA Sun Song Click the hyperlink on the picture above. Make sure the sound is on. Show the video one time completely through to enjoy the song. Then play the video again. Stop it after each key idea and have students discuss with a should partner what they heard and then add to their notes under their 3-2-1. Key information- Sun is made of gas. Energy comes from hydrogen changing to helium from nuclear fusion. Photosphere is layer we see. Places that are not so hot, Sunspots. Flares are giant explosions through the atmosphere. Chromosphere is the part you see in a solar eclipse. https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8249/8515999093_0b07ef52ed_z.jpg (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Review heat Transfer Radiation-energy transfer as particles or waves Hand wiggles like a snake or wave up and down Conduction- energy transfer by touching Clap hands together Convection- energy transfer by circulation or movement in a liquid or gas Hand moves in a circular path Ask students to come up with some examples of each. The hand movements should help them remember which is which if they continue to practice them. Every time you use these words, everyone should do the hand signal. Examples of Radiation-fire, open an oven door, Sun Examples of Conduction-pot touching burner on a stove, ironing clothes, feet on a hot sand beach Examples of Convection-Wind, water boiling in a pot, water cycle (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Structure of the Sun (layers) 1. Core 2. Radiative zone 3. Convective zone 4. Photosphere 5. Chromosphere 6. Corona 7. Sunspot 8. Granules 9. Prominence This image is just to introduce each of the Sun’s structures. Make sure to point that granules are in the picture but are not assessed and will not be covered. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Sun_diagram.svg (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Structure of the Sun (layers) Core- center of the Sun 15,000,000º C Nuclear fusion occurs here If you have not already covered nuclear fusion you will need to cover it hear. If you have ask students to turn to the person sitting next to them. Have them discuss nuclear fusion. Circulate the room and see where each groups thinking is? Students tend to have a misconception that the Sun is on fire. Ask students what is required to have fire and what happens in a fire? It requires oxygen and combustion. Nuclear fusion is the fusion of atoms which releases energy. http://openclipart.org/image/300px/svg_to_png/40357/applecore.png http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/Nuclear_fusion.gif (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Structure of the Sun (layers) Radiative zone- layer in which energy is radiated away from the core Heat moves out from the center Convective zone Radiative zone Core http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/38/Heating-Radiator.svg (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Structure of the Sun (layers) Convective zone-Layer of the Sun in which energy travels by convection Energy flows from radiative zone to the photosphere I http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Convection.gif (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Structure of the Sun (layers) (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Structure of the Sun (layers) Photosphere (photo means light)- visible surface of the Sun Average temperature 5,527º C Layer in which energy escapes to space Photo means light in Latin. Instead of giving students this information you can have them come up with other words that have that meaning and see if they can come to that conclusion on their own. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Sun_projection_with_spotting-scope.jpg

Structure of the Sun (layers) Chromosphere-The middle layer of the Sun’s atmosphere Temperatures reach 6,000º C (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/Sun_poster.svg

Structure of the Sun (layers) (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Structure of the Sun (layers) Corona- the outermost layer of the Sun Temperature reaches 2,000,000º C http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/469368main_Sun_layers_unlabeled_full.jpg

Stop and process Take your notes and draw a picture of the Sun. Include all 6 layers. Leave space to add solar activity (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Rotation versus revolution Does the Sun rotate or revolve? Let’s act it out! Stand in one spot and spin in a circle. Is this rotation or revolution? Now walk around the classroom in a circle. Is this rotation or revolution? Students often confuse these two terms. Since the rotation of the Sun affects the solar activity they need to have these terms straight. (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Solar activity Sunspots- dark areas on the Sun’s surface (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Solar activity Sunspots- dark areas on the Sun’s surface They are 1,500ºC Last days to months Activity occurs on an 11 year cycle Caused by Sun’s magnet field http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Sunspot_Numbers.png/800px-Sunspot_Numbers.png

Solar activity Solar Flares- an explosion of energy from the photosphere Can extend as far as Corona Watch quick video Watch video of a solar flare http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jy-LTMjVFCw (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org http://xdem.free.fr/uploaded_images/TRACE_SolarFlare-742697.jpg

Solar activity Prominences- Huge loops of cool gas that go out from the photosphere http://i.ytimg.com/vi/J1rs7CTlOP8/0.jpg (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Let’s act it out Solar Flare- Make a Y with your arms Solar Prominence- Make an O with your arms above your head. https://openclipart.org/image/300px/svg_to_png/191801/Happy_Boy_.png For prominence, make a Y and then touch your fingers together. (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

Finishing your diagram Add examples of the solar activities to your model( Sunspots, solar flares, prominences) Get with your group and compare your diagrams. Fix them until they are all perfect. (C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org

(C) Copyright 2014 - all rights reserved www.cpalms.org Name that feature Have students name that feature. Call out features of the Sun and have students hold up the number of fingers that corresponds with that feature.