RACE, CLASS, AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE (part 2)

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Presentation transcript:

RACE, CLASS, AND SOCIAL STRUCTURE (part 2) LATI 50 Introduction to Latin America

CLASS STRUCTURE Upper Class: Middle Class: Popular/Lower Class: Urban (industrialists, bankers) Rural (landowners) Middle Class: Urban (merchants, lawyers, etc.) Rural (small farmers) Popular/Lower Class: Urban (workers) Rural (peasants, campesinos) National Institutions: State (including military) Church External Sector: Economic (investors, merchants) Political (foreign governments)

SHADINGS BY RACE Race as a social construct Indigenous peoples: exploitation and discrimination African-origin peoples and slavery Myths of miscegenation: Mestizaje Mulattos and Brazilian “escape hatch”

THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Shares island of Hispaniola with Haiti A “plantation society” (sugar and slaves) 1916-24 U.S. military occupation 1930-61 Rafael Leónidas Trujillo in power 1965 U.S. military intervention 1966-78 Joaquín Balaguer in power 1978- electoral democracy

Hispaniola

THE QUESTION OF RACE ¾ population of mixed African-European descent Cultural and social stratification: white > black Antagonism with Haiti (occupation1822-44), uncertainty over identity Trujillo cult of hispanidad, defining Dominicans as “the most Spanish people of America” 1992 celebration of “discovery and evangelization of America” Reassessment of African legacy?