Nonmetals and Metalloids Study Pack #7

Learning Targets… I can recognize that groups of elements have similar properties. I understand that elements and compounds can be classified by how they react with each other and how they are used.

Nonmetals on the Periodic Table Located to the right of the zigzag

Physical Properties of Nonmetals Many are gases at room temperature Bromine is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature Low boiling points

Physical Properties of Nonmetals Opposite of metals Dull Brittle: not malleable or ductile, break easily or crumble Lower densities than metals Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Chemical Properties of Nonmetals Most easily form compounds except group 18

Families of Nonmetals Carbon Family Nitrogen Family Oxygen Family Halogen Family Noble Gases Hydrogen

The Carbon Family Group 14 Only one element that is a nonmetal – C All living things contain carbon

The Nitrogen Family Group 15 2 nonmetals – N and P Living things use nitrogen, it is found in the atmosphere Phosphorous is found in compounds

The Oxygen Family Group 16 3 nonmetals – 0, S, Se Oxygen is very reactive and can combine with just about every other element Sulfur is found in rubber bands, automobile tires, medicines

The Halogen Family Group 17 4 nonmetals - F, Cl, Br, I Very reactive Dangerous to humans Compounds are useful F – nonstick cookware, flouride Cl – table salt

The Noble Gases Group 18 Are unreactive, do not form compounds with other elements He – balloons Also found in glowing electric lights

Hydrogen Upper left corner Simplest element Only has 1 proton and 1 electron Cannot be grouped into a family

Metalloids 7 elements along the zigzag Have some characteristics of metals and nonmetals Si – sand, glass, and cement Semiconductors – conduct electricity under certain conditions Used to make computer chips, transistors, and lasers