Experimental Studies of Quark Gluon Plasma at RHIC ShinIchi Esumi Inst. of Physics, Univ. of Tsukuba Collective expansion of QGP Enegy loss of partons in QGP The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba QGP Hadron The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba RHIC(200GeV) LHC(5500GeV) SPS (17GeV) AGS (4GeV) BNL CERN STAR experiment ALICE experiment PHENIX experiment The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Chemical freeze-out the end of inelastic interactions, when the particle species and ratios are frozen Phys. Rev. C 73(2006) 034905 The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Thermal freeze-out the end of elastic interactions, when the momentum spectra are frozen Teff = Tfo + 0.5 m v  2 locally thermal SPS Pb+Pb Central RHIC Au+Au Peripheral RHIC Au+Au Central collective expansion radial flow The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba SQM06, Yifei Zhang nucl-ex/0307024 AuAu Central charm hadron AuAu Central , K, p AuAu Central strangeness hadron SQM06, Yifei Zhang History of hadron freeze-out The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

elliptic azimuthal event anisotropy Anisotropic flow x z y Reaction Plane (R.P.) x z sideward flow (v1) x y elliptic flow (v2) initial geometry final momentum anisotropy elliptic azimuthal event anisotropy low pT high pT fparticle-FR.P. (rad) -p 0 p dN/df The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 052301 (2007) Partonic collectivity --- particle identified v2 --- Number of constituent quark scaling in hadron v2 as well as multi-strange baryon v2: v2 is already established during the quark phase before the hadronization. This seems to be true even for heavy quark like charm. Hadron QM08: A.Dion QM06 STAR preliminary The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Quark momentum distribution --- extracted from multi-strange hadron ratio --- arXiv:0801.2265 [nucl-th] Hadron d-quark d-quark s-quark s-quark Collective radial expansion during the partonic phase before the hadronic phase Quark coalescence or recombination mechanism for the hadronization The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Source geometry --- quantum interferometry via HBT correlation --- common initial source geometry from centrality measurement AGS RHIC final source geometry from HBT measurement final particle emission anisotropy from v2 measurement The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Jet quenching --- energy loss of parton in QGP --- No energy loss for g‘s Energy loss for quark and gluon jets (similar even for heavy quark) v2 RAA PHENIX preliminary The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Jet modification --- at pT = 1~4 GeV/c --- jet p Au Back-to-back jet suppression --- 2 particle  correlation --- Leading hadrons Medium jet p The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba h-h correlation at “p+p 200GeV” vs “Au+Au 200GeV central 0-20%” associate pT window Phys. Rev. C 78, 014901 (2008) trigger pT window The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Reaction plane dependent energy loss --- a dominant source of v2 at high pT --- QM09, C. H. Chen in-plane out-of-plane near-side in-plane in-plane out-of-plane away-side out-of-plane QM04: STAR The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba 200GeV Au+Au -> h-h (run7) (pTTrig=2~4GeV/c, pTAsso=1~2GeV/c) mid-central : 20-50% QM09: PHENIX (4) s=[-1,0]/8 (5) s=[0,1]/8 in-plane trigger selection (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) in-plane (3) s=[-2,-1]/8 (6) s=[1,2]/8 in-plane associate regions c2(data) - c2(flow) (2) s=[-3,-2]/8 (7) s=[2,3]/8 s = Trig. R.P. [] strong preference of associate particle emission towards the in-plane direction (1) s=[-4,-3]/8 (8) s=[3,4]/8 out-of-plane trigger selection average PHENIX preliminary Asso. Trig. (rad) The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

p+p jet+jet (STAR@RHIC) Au+Au ??? (STAR@RHIC) p+p jet+jet (STAR@RHIC) nucleon parton jet The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba ,Jet,0 - hadron correlation Comparisons are the most important! RHIC-AGS’09, Y. S. Lai Closer and closer to the initial parton energy Gamma trigger Jet (large R) trigger Jet (small R) trigger 0(hadron) trigger more and more surface bias given by energy loss The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

Back-to-back Jet Calorimeter for LHC-ALICE experiment The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba -Triggered Away-side Correlations: Jet Fragmentation Function in p+p and Au+Au QM09 PHENIX Fit effective FF’s with p+p: b = 6.89 ± 0.64 Au+Au: b = 9.49 ±1.37 Difference reflects influence of the medium The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Tch TC dNch/dh 200 400 600 <b> Thermal photon radiation Tinit Tkin PHENIX, arXiv:0804.4168v1 [nucl-ex] Slope parameter (0-20%): T = (221 ± 23 ± 18) MeV Various Hydro models: TInitial = 300~600 MeV The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Summary * History of chemical/thermal freeze-out * Radial and elliptic collective expansions --- in partonic and hadronic stages * Jet quenching via parton energy loss --- suppression and re-distribution The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba J/ suppression Centrality (Npart) RAA cold nuclear matter effect cold nuclear matter effect Au+Au mid-rapidity Au+Au forward-rapidity SPS-like suppression + regeneration The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba Dq*=p Df*=0 PHENIX Preliminary Cone like Jets Deflected Jets jet p Au 3-particle correlation “Df12 vs Df13” d+Au Collisions Both measurements prefer Mach-cone scenario. (1-2)/2 Au+Au Central 0-12% Cone angle (radians) No pT dependence, too. STAR Preliminary (1-2)/2 pT (GeV/c) STAR Preliminary The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba

ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba SQM09, F. Wang The 7th Japan-China Joint Nuclear Physics Symposium, 11/Nov/2009 ShinIchi Esumi, Univ. of Tsukuba