Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com بسم الله الر حمن الر حيم Sayed Jalil 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Glucagons a pancreatic hormone produced by cells in the islets of Langerhans. Glucagons, a protein of low molecular weight, strongly opposes the action of insulin; it raises the concentration of sugar (glucose) in the blood by promoting the breakdown of glycogen (the form in which glucose is stored in the liver). It also reduces the rate of glycogen synthesis, promotes the breakdown of protein, and 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Major treatment Glucagon, which is present in gnathostomes but absent from agnathans, is a polypeptide molecule consisting of 29 amino acids. It strongly opposes the action of insulin, primarily through a hyperglycemic (blood-glucose-raising) effect that results from its promotion of the breakdown of glycogen (glycogenolysis) in the liver, a process that results in the formation of glucose. Glucagon exerts its... 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Drug therpay Another set of specialized cells located in the pancreas secrete a protein hormone called glucagons. Glucagon can stimulate the breakdown of liver glycogen, leading to a release of glucose into the bloodstream. Thus, in certain instances, glucagon can counteract the actions of insulin. The physiological or pathological significance of the antagonistic relationship between insulin and glucagon is... 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Digestive Process Glucagon is produced by pancreatic alpha (A) cells in response to a drop in plasma glucose concentration; the effects of glucagon are opposite to those of insulin. Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen and the production of new glucose (gluconeogenesis) in the liver. It also decreases the production of gastric and pancreatic secretions. Glucagon is used in the treatment of conditions in... 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com comparison to insulin ...tissue, collectively known as the islets (or islands) of Langerhans, named for the 19th-century German pathologist Paul Langerhans. The islets are responsible for the secretion of insulin and glucagon, which control the amount of sugar stored in the body. Insulin stimulates cells to remove sugar from the bloodstream and utilize it. Glucagon has the opposite effect of insulin; it releases 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Islet of Langerhans The alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans produce an opposing hormone, glucagon, which releases glucose from the liver and fatty acids from fat tissue. In turn, glucose and free fatty acids favour insulin release and inhibit glucagon release. The delta cells produce somatostatin, a strong inhibitor of somatotropin, insulin, and glucagon; its role in metabolic regulation is not yet clear.... 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Continue Langerhans—secrete the hormones insulin and glucagon into the bloodstream. These hormones are vital to the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism and exert wide-ranging effects on the growth and maintenance of body tissues. Insufficient insulin... 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Thank you 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Project Management How Was the Project Managed? Meetings: who/when/how often How well did this work? Communication: who/when/how often Changes: how tracked, communicated Other methods: email, schedules, databases, reports, etc. 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Manufacturing Was team properly prepared to receive product? BOM & paperwork complete & accurate? Materials ordered & ready? Did product meet manufacturability goals? Were there unexpected delays or problems? 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Quality Assurance & Support How was product quality measured? Was this effective? Efficient? How did final product compare against quality goals? How were quality issues resolved? Were support teams properly prepared? Is product quality consistent with support resources? 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Marketing Did positioning match final product? Was positioning successful? Appropriate? Effective? Was product launch effective? Were marketing programs effectively implemented? Did product & launch meet marketing goals? 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Sales Was channel & sales force appropriately informed about product? Did product and message meet customer need? Was timing appropriate? Cost? How do initial sales compare to goals? How has product been received? 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Key Lessons 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com What Went Right Summarize in quick bullet points specific things that worked well Use specific examples: “daily 15-minute morning status meetings worked well” instead of “team communicated well”. Distribute or list network location of forms, procedures, reports, etc. that were found to be particularly useful. 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com What Went Wrong Summarize in quick bullet points specific things that caused problems Try to isolate specific attitudes, procedures, methods, timing issues, etc. that caused problems How did team respond to problems? 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Recommendations By department or management level, record critical recommendations for future products of this type Distribute document or network location of more detailed summary of this presentation 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com Questions & Comments 11/23/2018 Downloaded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com