Mendel Law Exceptions Biology Standard 3a.

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Presentation transcript:

Mendel Law Exceptions Biology Standard 3a

Punnett Square

Some alleles are neither dominant nor recessive, and many traits are controlled by multiple alleles and genes.

# 1:Codominance Codominance

Codominance A condition in which both alleles show up in the phenotype. Neither allele is recessive.

Codominance: Piebald Black-Pastel Ball Python

2) Incomplete Dominance

2) Incomplete Dominance Cross white roses (WW) with red roses (RR) Pink roses (RW)! Heterozygous offspring are in b/t the 2 homozygous phenotypes. Blending!

3) Polygenic Traits

3) Polygenic Traits Traits that are controlled by 2 or more genes. Ex: skin/eye color in humans controlled by > 4 genes. Creates wide range of trait

4) Crossing Over

Creates new combos of alleles (differing mom/dad) 4) Crossing Over Pieces of gene on homologous chromosomes can get swapped during meiosis. Creates new combos of alleles (differing mom/dad)

Multiple Alleles Some genes have more than 2 alleles. Ex: Blood type: A, B, AB, O But, you still will only get 2 copies of the allele, from mom and dad!

Tie into Protein Synthesis Traits that show up in phenotype came from DNA exon originally. DNA  mRNA  protein (trait)

Gene Linkage Genes for traits can be inherited together  linked. Each chromosome is actually a group of linked genes. Ex: red eyes and mini wings on the fruit fly….found on same chromosome.