The Industrialists & Politics in the Gilded Age US History Mrs. Lacks

Inventions that promoted change 1st Industrial Revolution 2nd Industrial Revolution

First Industrial Revolution: Late 18th century to 1860 Cotton gin Steel plow Sewing machine Rotary press Early train Mechanical reaper Telegraph

Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910) Railroad expansion Pullman Cars Connected country Black Gold (oil, kerosene) Steel (via the Bessemer Process)

George Pullman designed a sleeping car including the services of supplying the linens, housekeeping, and attendants for the sleeping cars, making train travel much more comfortable. Pullman’s car gained much attention after it housed President’s Lincoln’s body through 8 states during the funeral procession. Created by Katherine Lacks

Right: First skyscraper Home Insurance Building Chicago, Illinois 1885 Created by Katherine Lacks Top: Brooklyn Bridge Right: First skyscraper Home Insurance Building Chicago, Illinois 1885 10 stories 1st building to use structural steel as its frame

Created by Katherine Lacks

Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910) Electricity Thomas Alva Edison Menlo Park research lab (1880) system for producing and distributing electricity becomes inexpensive, convenient, safer inspires new inventions - household appliances, electric streetcars manufacturing plants could be located anywhere (not just near water)

Created by Katherine Lacks Edison’s voice, 1888

Created by Katherine Lacks

Edison’s electricity plant, Boston Edison’s lab in Menlo Park, NJ Thomas Edison Created by Katherine Lacks Edison’s electricity plant, Boston Edison’s lab in Menlo Park, NJ

Second Industrial Revolution (1870 – 1910) Typewriter: Christopher Sholes (1867) Telephone: Alexander Graham Bell (1876) sewing machine: demand for professional garment workers (men, women, kids), long work hours, unhealthy conditions (All three opened new jobs for women)

Created by Katherine Lacks Telephone

The first "Sholes & Glidden Typewriter" went on the market in 1874 with lukewarm results. Remington engineers made improvements a few years later and sales skyrocketed. Created by Katherine Lacks

1885 ad for Remington typewriters 1889 ad to train secretaries Created by Katherine Lacks

George Pullman, Railroad Sleeper Car Ritty, Cash Register Created by Katherine Lacks George Pullman, Railroad Sleeper Car Elisha Otis, Elevator

The Men Who Built America AKA the Industrialists, the Entrepreneurs, the Captains of Industry, or the Robber Barons Cornelius Vanderbilt John D. Rockefeller Andrew Carnegie J.P. Morgan

Cornelius Vanderbilt 1794 – 1877 Started a ferry service from Stanton Is to Manhattan at age 16 Was so profitable, soon had fleet

Cornelius Vanderbilt Started to invest in railroads Owned only railroad coming into NYC Built Grand Central Station Tried to buy out all other railroad companies Was successful in owning almost half of all US railroads by his death

Created by Katherine Lacks Biltmore

Built by George Washington Vanderbilt between 1888 & 1895 Ashville, NC Largest privately owned home in the US 255 rooms; 175,000 sq. ft. Created by Katherine Lacks

Created by Katherine Lacks

Created by Katherine Lacks

George Washington Vanderbilt Created by Katherine Lacks George Washington Vanderbilt

Summer home of Vanderbilt Created by Katherine Lacks The Breakers Newport, RI Summer home of Vanderbilt

Vanderbilt’s grandson Marble House Newport, RI Vanderbilt’s grandson Created by Katherine Lacks

John D. Rockefeller 1839 – 1937 Standard Oil Considered richest man of all time

John D. Rockefeller Grew up very poor in western NY Became a bookkeeper Started a small oil business in Cleveland, OH – Standard Oil Republican, abolitionist Devout Christian

John D. Rockefeller Made a deal with Vanderbilt Used horizontal integration to gain monopoly over oil industry Kerosene lamps Oil pipeline

John D. Rockefeller Philanthropist Tithed 10% of each paycheck Gave millions to start numerous colleges: University of Chicago Spelman University (1st college from black women) Central Philippine University Rockefeller University (medical research)

Andrew Carnegie 1835 – 1919 First man to mass produce steel using the Bessemer Process Federal Steel Co. (Pittsburgh), and many more “built modern America”

Andrew Carnegie Monopoly over steel production (bridges, first skyscrapers, railroads, etc) Vertical immigration Eventually sold Federal Steel Co. to JP Morgan (became US Steel) Great philanthropist gave an est. $4.6 billion to charity “Gospel of Wealth”

Carnegie Hall and Carnegie Hall Tower, Seventh Street, New York, NY Created by Katherine Lacks Carnegie Hall and Carnegie Hall Tower, Seventh Street, New York, NY

John Pierpont Morgan 1837 – 1937 Banking & finance

J.P. Morgan Bought, financed, and formed many staple American companies: US Steel General Electric (GE) American Telephone & Telegraph Many, many more, including over 20 railroad companies

J.P. Morgan lived his life on a large scale, spending massive amounts of money, gambling, on “toys” like yachts, huge parties, palatial homes and art. One of his famous quotes, “If you have to ask how much it costs you can’t afford it”, typifies his beliefs about money. Created by Katherine Lacks

Captains of Industry? Revolutionized American industry Connected the country Created 1000s of jobs Gave millions to charity

Robber Barons? Always looking for an edge to stay on top Poor working conditions, long hours (pre- government regulation)