Type Today’s Date Here and Today’s Objective Here
Brainteaser What letter is next in this sequence? O, T, T, F, F, S, S, E, __ Answer Here
What are the 6 most common elements found in all living things. a. Carbon, Helium, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Potassium and Sodium b. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Potassium and Sodium c. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur d. Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sodium
Today you will Identify the 4 types of macromolecules found in living things.
macromolecules
Carbon Because of its ability to bond to itself and other elements Carbon has a central role in the chemistry of living organisms (organic chemistry). Because of its ability to bond to itself and other elements Carbon makes chain polymers (hundreds or thousands of carbon atoms long).
CARBON Carbon is important biological element because it can form four bonds with other elements and long chains or rings Polymer – large molecule made up of many smaller units like starch Monomer – unit that makes up polymer; glucose is the monomer for starch
Carbon Chain
What does a living organism need? Carbohydrates Lipids (fat) Proteins Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates Made up of: sugar molecules that are bonded together. Simple sugars = simple carbohydrates eg. glucose Polymer of sugars = complex carbohydrate eg. cellulose and glycogen Function – energy source for living organisms
Releases energy for cells Organic Compound Composed of: Examples Function Carbohydrate C, H, O Sugar Starch cellulose Releases energy for cells
Proteins Made up of: very long chains of amino acids There are 20 different amino acids, which can combine in any order. Proteins are very large and complex molecules. Nitrogen plays an important part in proteins.
Proteins (cont.) Functions: Needed to build and repair body structures Regulate processes in body Example: hemoglobin found in red blood cells that helps carry oxygen to all the cells in the body
Used to build cell parts; Organic Compound Composed of: Examples Function Protein C, H, O, N enzymes Used to build cell parts; Made of smaller parts called amino acids Where are proteins made in the cell…?
Lipids (fats, oils, and waxes) Made up of: Mostly carbon and hydrogen polymers (very long) that do not dissolve in water Function: Store energy Make up cell membranes Store vitamins Insulation (keeping warm)
Stores and releases MORE energy for cells Organic Compound Composed of: Examples Function Lipid C, H, O Fats Oils Waxes Stores and releases MORE energy for cells Cell membranes are made of lipids
NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleic acids are the largest known organic molecules; made from thousands of repeating subunits called nucleotides There are two major types of nucleic acids: DNA RNA © 2004 Delmar Learning, a Division of Thomson Learning, Inc.
Stores hereditary information Organic Compound Composed of: Examples Function Nucleic Acid C, H, O, N, P DNA RNA Stores hereditary information
How well did you do today? What would this be categorized as? Fats Carbohydrate Nucleic Acids Proteins