Ethanol embolotherapy of foot arteriovenous malformations

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Ethanol embolotherapy of foot arteriovenous malformations Dongho Hyun, MD, Young Soo Do, MD, Kwang Bo Park, MD, Dong-Ik Kim, MD, Young Wook Kim, MD, Hong Suk Park, MD, Sung Wook Shin, MD, Yun Gyu Song, MD  Journal of Vascular Surgery  Volume 58, Issue 6, Pages 1619-1626 (December 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.074 Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Diagnostic and treatment planning algorithm. AVM, Arteriovenous malformation. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1619-1626DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.074) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Partial resolution via both direct-puncture sclerotherapy and intra-arterial embolotherapy. A 13-year-old boy presented with swelling and varicosity in his left foot. A, A late arterial phase image of the angiogram shows a mixed type (II + IIIa) of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that involves 25% to 33% of his left foot area and the calcaneus. B and C, Two sessions of embolotherapy with a total of 37.9 mL of pure ethanol were performed via direct puncture of bone AVM and intra-arterial approach. D, A late arterial phase image of the angiogram after treatment demonstrates that approximately 90% of the AVM has been controlled, which means partial resolution. Infiltrative AVM remains. Transient sensory loss of the treated foot has fully recovered. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1619-1626DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.074) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) resistant to ethanol sclerotherapy. A 28-year-old woman presented with ulcer, pain, and swelling in her right foot. A, Type IIIa + IIIb AVM involving >66% of her right foot on a late arterial phase image of her right-foot angiogram. B, Sclerotherapy was performed via direct puncture with a total of 23 mL of pure ethanol. C, A considerable extent (<50% devascularization) of AVM remains on completion angiogram. Follow-up computed tomographic (CT) angiography showed AVM partially improved. However, symptoms and signs remained. No further treatment was recommended. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1619-1626DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.074) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions