Chapter 8 & 9 Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders & Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Hoarding Disorder Body Dysmorphic Disorder Hair-Pulling and Skin-Picking Disorders © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Table 8.1 The DSM-5 in Simple Language: Diagnosing OCD (p. 282) © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Hoarding Disorder Persistent inability to discard useless items Leads to severe cluttering of personal living spaces Associated with high levels of disability and impairment Commonly hoarded items Paper, books, clothing, containers Animals may also be hoarded © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) Preoccupation with perceived defects in physical appearance Skin, hair, nose, stomach, weight, breasts/chest, eyes, thighs, teeth Performance of repetitive behaviors or mental acts in response to appearance-related concerns Relatively frequent among plastic surgery and dermatology patients Muscle dysmorphia A form of BDD found almost exclusively among men © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Hair-Pulling and Skin-Picking Disorders Hair-Pulling Disorder (AKA Trichotillomania) Repetitive pulling out of one’s hair despite repeated attempts to stop Scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows Results in noticeable hair loss and significant distress or impairment Skin-Picking Disorder (AKA Excoriation Disorder) Recurrent skin picking despite repeated attempts to stop Results in skin lesions and significant distress or impairment © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Causes & Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders The Role of Genetics Neurobiological Factors Cognitive-Behavioral Factors Social Factors Treatment rTMS Medications SSRIs CBT Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Figure 9.1 The Process of Stress (p. 307) © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Table 9.1 Typical Reactions to Stress (p. 310) © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Psychological Reactions to Stress Resilience and Stress Most people are exposed to significant stressors in their lives, but only a minority develop post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Post-traumatic growth (PTG) Individuals surpass their pre-trauma well-being, usually after a period of post-trauma distress © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Table 9.2 The DSM-5 in Simple Language: Diagnosing Adjustment Disorders (p. 319) © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Table 9.3 The DSM in Simple Language: Diagnosing Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (p. 325) © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Mental Disorders after Stress and Trauma Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Fewer than a third of people exposed to horrible trauma will experience PTSD symptoms Events known to precipitate PTSD: War, natural disasters, serious accidents, torture, various forms of abuse Acute stress disorder is often diagnosed first: Trauma-related symptoms beginning within 1 month after the trauma and lasting more than 2 days but less than 1 month © 2016 Academic Media Solutions

Mental Disorders after Stress and Trauma Treatment of PTSD Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Cognitive restructuring, systematic desensitization, training in coping strategies Drug treatments Medication is a second-line treatment Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the only approved medication for PTSD © 2016 Academic Media Solutions