Organic [ ]n REACTION PATHWAYS < > < < < < < <

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Carbonyl Compounds (Chapter 35). Carbonyl compounds C O Carbonyl group sp 2 hybridized carbon Coplanar bonds, 120 o bond angle p-p overlap bond Two types.
Advertisements

Crude oil (Petroleum) A mixture of hydrocarbons (chemicals which contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms)
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
Free Radical Chain Reaction: Alkane + Halogen
IMPORTANT ORGANIC REACTIONS Presentation created by S. Schlosz Information by N. Solomons, K. Dilraj & S. Schlosz.
Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Jo Blackburn Richland College, Dallas, TX Dallas County Community College District  2003,  Prentice Hall Organic Chemistry,
Alcohols. Learning Objectives Candidates should be able to: recall the chemistry of alcohols, as exemplified by ethanol, including their oxidation to.
Revision of Formation of Esters Formed from:- Formed from:- Carboxylic Acid Carboxylic Acid.
Learning Outcomes (a) recall the chemistry of alcohols, exemplified by ethanol: (i) combustion (ii) substitution to give halogenoalkanes (iii) reaction.
A2 Chemistry Chapter 1 Chapter 1 Objectives Electrophilic addition Nucleophilic addition Reactions of Alcohols Reactions of halogenoalkanes Reactions of.
REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A guide for GCSE students KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
Applications of Chemical Principles Get a board, marker, wipey thing.
Homologous Series A group of Hydrocarbons with the same General Formula and similar chemical properties. Examples – Alkanes, Alkenes and Cycloalkanes.
EthersR-O-R or R-O-R´ Nomenclature: simple ethers are named: “alkyl alkyl ether” “dialkyl ether” if symmetric CH 3 CH 3 CH 3 CH 2 -O-CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH-O-CHCH.
_  +  Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6 th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr.
Part 5: SN1 & SN2; Elimination & Condensation Rxns
Organic Synthesis (aliphatic compounds)
Alcohols Contain a hydroxyl (-OH) group
Alkenes and Alkynes continued Objectives To understand the key reactions that create alkenes and alkynes To understand the key uses made and the reactions.
Organic Mechanisms. Basic Ideas Behind All Mechanisms Substances can be broken into 2 categories: Electrophile – electron loving – Acts as Lewis Acid.
Carbon Compounds 2c Int
Describe the structural formulae and reactions of compounds containing selected functional groups 4 credits.
TYPES OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Alcohols. 2 Structure of Water and Methanol Oxygen is sp 3 hybridized and tetrahedral. The H—O—H angle in water is 104.5°. The C—O—H angle in methyl alcohol.
Functional Group Reactions Organic Chemistry Lesson # 4.
Functional Groups C CC C C Br CH H C Cl CC C C O H CH C C I alkenealkynetertiary halogenoalkane secondary halogenoalkane primary halogenoalkane tertiary.
alcohols CH 3 CH 2 OH (ethanol) CH 3 OH methanol.
OCR organic reaction mechanisms
OCR organic reaction mechanisms
Free Radical Substitution
ORGANIC MECHNISMS. MEET THE ATTACKERS Press the space bar.
Topics 3abc – Alkanes, alkenes and ethanol Topics 5bc – natural oil and gas and synthetic polymers.
Leaving Certificate Chemistry
Reagents and Conditions AS Chemistry. Oxidation of Alcohols Heat with Acidified Potassium Dichromate (orange to green) Under Distillation for Aldehydes.
A guide for A levels by Mark McGill
Organic Chemistry Chapter 22. Hydrocarbons Alkanes Saturated  Relatively unreactive due to the strong C-C and C-H bonds  Contains all C-C single bonds.
Organic reaction maps.
Author: J R Reid Level 3: Organic Reactions Part I Aldehydes Ketones Haloalkanes Amines.
Organic chemistry IGCSE Chemistry What are organic compounds? Organic compounds are hydrocarbons and related compounds Hydrocarbons are compounds.
Chapter 3 ALKENES Dr. Yasser Mostafa Abdallah
Alcohols – nomenclature and reactions
Organic reaction maps drag and drop
Carboxylic acids around us
Halogenoalkanes L.O. To be able to name and draw halogenoalkanes.
Organic reaction maps EDITED from
Organic Reactions PATHWAYS.
Organic reaction maps.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY AS Module 3.
2.10 Reactions of alcohols Connector
Tetrahedral Carbons C3H8.
Reactions with alkenes
Alkanes, Alkenes and Halogenoalkanes
REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
A Reactions Review FREE RADICAL SUBSTITUTION POLYMERIZATION
REACTIONS OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols
Benzene RXNs Reduction RXNs
A2 Chemistry Aldehydes and Ketones
IMPORTANT ORGANIC REACTIONS
Part 5: SN1 & SN2; Elimination & Condensation Rxns
Organic chemistry 2. Alkenes
Part 5: SN1 & SN2; Elimination & Condensation Rxns
Acid + Base → Carboxylate salt + NH4+
Organic Chemistry Reaction Scheme Acid + Base → Carboxylic salt + NH4+
KNOCKHARDY PUBLISHING
Homologous series.
Organic chemistry IGCSE Chemistry 0620.
Alkanes CO2 / CO / C + H2O combustion, O2 (g) Cl2 (g) / u.v. light +
Alcohols Condensation Reaction CH3 – OH + HO – CH3 CH3 – O – CH3 + H2O
Presentation transcript:

Organic [ ]n REACTION PATHWAYS < > < < < < < < Br— C — C — Br H Br | H—C — C — H H OH | used in antifreeze and for making terylene H—C — C — H H Br | Organic REACTION PATHWAYS Elimination H—CC — H ETHYNE (sp, b =180°) 1,1,2,2 TETRABROMOETHANE Oxidising Agent Cr2O72- / MnO4- / H+ Oxidation MnO4- / H+ ETHANE-1,2-DIOL 1,2-DIBROMOETHANE Addition H2 / Ni ~ 200°C C — C O OH < HO > used as petrol additive Electrophilic Addition Br2 (unsat. Test) OXALIC ACID Electrophilic Addition H2 / Ni ~ 200°C H—C — C — H H | Substitution Br2 / U.V. H—C — C — H + HBr H | Br >C = C < H —CH2—CH2— [ ]n Benzoyl Peroxide Catalyst Catalytic Cracking H2 / Ni Chain Rxn. Temp / Pressure Addition Polymerisation (free radical) ETHENE (sp2, b =120°) POLYETHENE ETHANE (sp3, b =109.5°) BROMOETHANE Hydrolysis dilute H2SO4 Elimination Heat > 170°C xs conc. H2SO4 FURTHER SUBSTITUTION Electrophilic Addition Markovnikov’s Rule KBr + conc H2SO4  HBr xs alcohol conc. H2SO4 < 170°C H H | H | H | FURTHER SUBSTITUTION | H — C — C — O — C — C — H H—C — C — H H | Br H—C — C — OH H | Fermentation | H—C — C H | O OC2H < ETHYL ETHANOATE HBr, PCl5, PCl3 + Na (Act. of OH) Sugar Barley Potatoes H H—C — C — H H | NH2 AMINOETHANE (1° Amine) NH3 (SN1, SN2) ETHOXY ETHANE (diethyl ether) Reflux with dil. aq. Alkali (SN1, SN2) Hydrolysis: [OH-] + H2O BROMOETHANE ETHANOL (1° Alcohol) H—C — C — O-Na+ + ½ H2 H | Hydrolysis H+ / OH- KCN Polar Solvent SN1/SN2 ascend the homologous Series Oxidation (First Stage) Cr2O72- / H+ MnO4- / H+ Reduction LiAlH4 Esterification conc. H2SO4 Sodium Ethoxide H—C — C H | O O+Na- < Decend Hofmann Degradation H—C — C — CN H | PROPANONITRILE H—C — C H | O < Used as breathyliser test H—C — C H | O OH < HCl Further Oxidation Cr2O72- / H+ NaOH NH3 SODIUM ETHANOATE conc. HCl H—C — C H | O O-NH4+ < ETHANOAMIDE ETHANAL (acetaldehyde) ETHANOIC ACID P2O5 Reduction LiAlH4 (4[H]) Dilute Acid (HCl) Ca(OH)2 H—C — C — C H | O OH < H—C — C — C H | O NH2 < (CH3COO)2Ca PROPANOAMIDE (1°) H—C — C — C — N< H | 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine H—C — CN H | Dehydrate P2O5 Red-Orange ppte Ethanal-2-4-dinitro- -phenylhydrazine PROPANOIC ACID 2,4-dinitrophenyl- hydrazine ETHANONITRILE BY: ALI LAKHANI