What do you think was the greatest Chinese Advancement and why? 77 China Invention 1/26 What do you think was the greatest Chinese Advancement and why?

Pick 1 quote, write it down, and tell me what you think it means! “An army of donkeys led by a lion is better than an army of lions led by a donkey.” “It is not sufficient that I succeed…. All others must fail” “Conquering the world on horseback is easy; it is dismounting and governing that is hard.” “If my body dies, let my body die, but do not let my country die.” One arrow alone can be easily broken but many arrows are indestructible”

The Mongol Rule!!

Mongolia

What's so Special about the Mongols? In 84 years, from 1195-1279, they conquered the largest land empire the world has ever seen. They did this without modern weaponry, transportation or communications. Their army never numbered more than 200,000.

Who were the Mongols? The Mongols were powerful nomadic people of Northern Asian. Expert Horsemen Tough people, fierce warriors Accustomed to living in harsh environment, competing for scarce resources From the steppe in Asia (dry, grassy region) Lived in kinship groups called clans

Mongolian Steppes

Typical Mongol Home “Yurt”

Mongol’s Unite Through out China’s history nomadic people from the North continued to attack which became more frequent during the Song dynasty. For centuries the Mongols lived as separate tribes. Around 1200, leader named Temujin (Genghis Khan) united Mongols under his leadership. "The greatest happiness is to scatter your enemy, to drive him before you, to see his cities reduced to ashes, to see those who love him shrouded in tears,

Genghis Khan Title means “universal ruler” Brilliant organizer and warrior Used cruelty, fear, and terror as his greatest weapon. Campaign of terror across Central Asia, destroying cities and slaughtering people

Terrorizing the people of China During his bloody expeditions, he would tell his men to kill all men, women, & children. Soon people surrendered without a fight By the time of his death in 1227, all of Northern China was under Mongol control. His family continued to expand the empire

Genghis Khan’s Golden Saddle

Collecting Taxes Genghis Khan’s Tax Laws: If you do not pay homage, we will take your prosperity. If you do not have prosperity, we will take your children. If you do not have children, we will take your wife. If you do not have a wife, we will take your head. Used cruelty as a weapon  some areas never recovered from Mongol destruction! The Han Synthesis term refers to the emphasis on Legalism, but with a touch of Confucianism. The Han dynasty recorded Confucius’s teachings (The Analects) and put a big emphasis on the family. Founded the Imperial University Required examinations to become bureaucrat (civil service system) Soldiers dropped to lowest status. Confucianists at work; Daoists at home. The Han tried to replace literature, including Confucius’s writings, lost during the Qin Dynasty. Created new works of literature and music. Scroll painting began during this time. Iron was now used for plows and weapons. Acupuncture was invented. Invented a crude seismic sensing tool, so they could send troops and food to the scene of an earthquake! Inventions include: paper (105 CE), sternpost rudder on ships, water mill, wheelbarrow, furrowed cultivation Show map for Silk Road trade. It brought Chinese together into one civilization, creating a common culture. Economically, it brought much wealth to the Han, as they exported much more than they imported. Wudi’s public schools taught Confucianism. Grand School in capital. In 100 years, 30,000 studied there. 14

Mongolian Conquests First Period - 1206

Mongolian Conquests Second Period 1206 – 1219

Mongolian Conquests Third Period 1219 – 1223

Mongolian Conquests Fourth Period 1223 – 1227 Death of Genghis Khan

Kublai Khan Kublai Khan is the Grandson of Genghis Khan, took power in 1260 Complete his conquest of China and named himself Emperor. Founding the Yuan Dynasty 1st time ever a foreigner ruled China. United China for first time in 300 years

Much Different than the Chinese Language Gods Clothing Customs Ethnic Group

Kublai Khan’s Rule Different from his grandfather Genghis. He could be violent but was kinder. Urged his men to be humane in their conquests. Opened China to foreign contacts and trade Tolerated Chinese culture, religion and government Lived luxurious life of Chinese emperor

Kublai Khan’s Achievements Restored the Grand Canal, built paved highway, & new palaces Encouraged trade During this time many of the Chinese inventions made their way to Europe Gunpowder Compass

The Fall of the Mongol Empire Despite their great empire, they wanted more. They decide to invade Japan 1274 & 1281 They set sail and the results were disastrous. Huge storms and Japanese defenders destroyed most of the Mongol army. Also because of the public works projects the economy was weak. Chinese resentment was high and it was a perfect time for a rebellion. In 1368 the Mongols lose power and China is once again ruled by the Chinese.

Mongolian Conquests Fourth Period 1223 – 1227 Death of Genghis Khan

Mongolian Conquests Fifth Period 1227 - 1237

Mongolian Conquests Sixth Period 1237 - 1259

Mongolian Conquests Seventh Period 1259 - 1279

Mongolian Conquests Greatest Extent of Their Empire