Today’s goals Begin the synthesis process Consider the best ways to analyze sources Begin discussion of problems related to sleep and psychological disorders

Synthesis process Steps for the synthesis writing process: Explore your texts through summary writing The goal here is to deepen your understanding of the issue. However, you do not need to summarize the sources in your final essay. Explore your texts’ rhetorical strategies What are their main supporting points and data? You may wish to use some of these when constructing your own argument. Explore the main themes and similarities and differences in your texts’ ideas Look for connections between the main ideas and data of all the different sources. Your quote bank may be very helpful here. Generate ideas of your own Consider your own viewpoint before and after reading your secondary sources. How has it changed? What is your unique perspective on the issue? Take your position in the conversation: your synthesis This will be your thesis, the most important part of the synthesis essay

Class discussion- research and sources What kind of sources can we use for research writing? Where do we find sources for research writing? How has research writing changed in the past decade? What criteria should we consider when deciding whether or not to use a source?

Source Types (Vocabulary) Primary Sources: History: Novels, diaries, speeches, newspaper accounts, letters, official records, photographs, artifacts Media: tv shows, movies, advertisements, documentaries, Medical: clinical trials, patient records, experimental research, public health data Secondary Sources: History: scholarly analysis of an element of history, book reviews, opinion essays Media: reviews of tv/movies, scholarly analyses of media, documentaries, op ed pieces, Medical: science textbook, high tech articles, medical blogs, experiment/product reviews Peer Reviewed articles: These can be primary or secondary sources Almost any type of article published in an academic journal. All published scientific research papers. Most published literary analyses Must undergo evaluation by a board of experts in the field before publication

Source Evaluation Criteria (Vocabulary) Reliability Accuracy of the facts, verifiable with outside sources Credibility Ethos of the writer. How trustworthy, honest, and consistent you find the writer to be Angle of Vision Way the writer’s beliefs and opinions shape what is included and excluded, reflecting their perspective Degree of Advocacy Extent to which the writer takes a persuasive or advocating perspective as opposed to a more objective one

Group Activity: Analyzing Sources In your topic groups View the websites on pg 489 and answer the questions below: Find one example of how each website might be using ethos, pathos, and logos. How would you describe the reliability of the site? Give an example of data/information that is provided. How accurate do you believe it to be? How would you describe the credibility of the site’s authors/company? Can you find any outside sources about their credibility? How would you describe the angle of vision of the site? What is the author’s/company’s opinion on the issue? How would you describe the degree of advocacy of the site? Is it persuasive/subjective (arguing for one side) or informative/objective (presenting the issue from multiple perspectives equally)?

Class discussion- sleep & psychological disorders How much sleep do you get a night? How has this changed over the course of your life? How much sleep should you get every night? What happens when you don’t get enough sleep? What is ADD or ADHD? What kind of symptoms does it exhibit? Have you ever known anyone with ADD or ADHD?

Class discussion – sleep and psychological disorders Newborns (0-3 months ): Sleep range narrowed to 14-17 hours each day (previously it was 12-18) Infants (4-11 months): Sleep range widened two hours to 12-15 hours (previously it was 14-15) Toddlers (1-2 years): Sleep range widened by one hour to 11-14 hours (previously it was 12-14) Preschoolers (3-5): Sleep range widened by one hour to 10-13 hours (previously it was 11-13) School age children (6-13): Sleep range widened by one hour to 9-11 hours (previously it was 10-11) Teenagers (14-17): Sleep range widened by one hour to 8-10 hours (previously it was 8.5-9.5) Younger adults (18-25): Sleep range is 7-9 hours (new age category) Adults (26-64): Sleep range did not change and remains 7-9 hours Older adults (65+): Sleep range is 7-8 hours (new age category) Source: http://time.com/3691992/sleep-hours-recommendations/

Class discussion- sleep & Psychological Disorders Sleep deprivation effects: Car and other accidents Lowers IQ, attention, and cognition Increased risk of: heart disease, heart attack, stroke diabetes, and high blood pressure Lack of sex drive Depression Ages your skin Weight gain Increased chance of death Chance of misdiagnosis of psychological disorders Source: https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/features/10-results-sleep-loss#3 Source: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/healthy-sleep/health-risks/the-effects-of-sleep-deprivation

Class discussion- sleep & Psychological Disorders Symptoms of Inattentive ADHD (aka ADD): A Checklist Fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes Has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play Does not seem to listen when spoken to directly. Does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish activities Has difficulty organizing tasks and activities. Avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort Loses things necessary for tasks or activities (e.g., toys, school assignments, pencils, books, or tools). Easily distracted by extraneous stimuli. Forgetful in daily activities. Source: https://www.additudemag.com/adhd-symptoms-checklist/ Nearly 1 million children in the US my be misdiagnosed with ADHD $320-500 million in wasted medication on ADHD in the US per year Source: https://msutoday.msu.edu/ne ws/2010/nearly-1-million- children-potentially- misdiagnosed-with-adhd/

Group activity: synthesis essay analysis In groups of 3-5 students Read through the sample sleep & psychological synthesis essay on the class website and answer the questions below What strategy does the introduction use to grab reader attention? What is the thesis of the essay? Take this directly from the text if possible How is this thesis original or unexpected? What does it tell you that you don’t already know? What points does the essay use to support its thesis? (or what are the main points of the body paragraphs) How many sources are used in the essay? How many quotes or how much paraphrase is used from each source?

Homework Read A&B 190-194