The Anti-Nuclear Movement and Efforts at Disarmament

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Presentation transcript:

The Anti-Nuclear Movement and Efforts at Disarmament Mrs. Housenick 3/15/12 US History

Early Efforts at Arms Control Many protests in both countries to reduce number of weapons Throughout the Cold War, US and USSR held negotiations to bring the arms race under control Most agreements failed Hard to verify, neither country wanted to open inspections of nuclear facilities 1963: Both sides signed Test Ban Treaty--made above ground nuclear testing illegal Still, both sides just started underground testing, built bigger and more powerful weapons

Improvements in the 1970s 1972: Both sides signed Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) Set limits on each country’s long-range nuclear warheads Still, both sides built missiles with multiple warheads so could still hit many targets Also in 1972, signed Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty Limited number of defensive missiles each country could have to one per site

The Nuclear Freeze Movement of the1980s Many groups in US pressured government to freeze all testing, production and deployment of nuclear weapons 1982: USSR and many other nations supported this plan at meeting of UN Millions of US citizens protested in New York City to support this freeze.

Progress in the 1990s 1991: Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (START) Called for 70% reduction in total number of nuclear warheads 1995: Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty 168 nations agreed not to transfer nuclear weapons or technology to any non-nuclear countries Still, very difficult to dismantle existing weapons, and to regulate who is getting technology to build new ones.