Aim: Discuss Mikhail Gorbachev and his Reforms

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Aim: Discuss Mikhail Gorbachev and his Reforms

Gorbachev Moves Toward Democracy Soviet premier Brezhnev & the Politburo (ruling committee of Communist Party) crushed all political disagreement 1982: After Brezhnev’s death, the Politburo debated between 2 men to lead Mikhail Gorbachev became the party’s new general secretary Unlike other Soviet leaders, Gorbachev decided to pursue new ideas 2

Glasnost Promotes Openness Past Soviet leaders had created a totalitarian state Gorbachev realized that economic & social reforms could not occur without a free flow of ideas & information 1985: Announced a policy known as glasnost (openness) Brought remarkable changes Government allowed churches to open Released dissidents from prison Allowed publication of books by banned authors Reporters investigated problems & criticized officials 3

Reforming the Economy & Politics Gorbachev blamed economic problems on inefficient system of central planning Party officials told farm & factory mangers how much to produce, what wages to pay, & what prices to charge 1985: Gorbachev introduced idea of perestroika (economic restructuring) Managers gained greater authority over farms & factories People were allowed to open small private businesses Goal was to make economic system more efficient & productive Gorbachev knew that Communist party needed to loosen grip on Soviet Society 1987: Gorbachev unveiled Democratization Called for election of new legislative body 4

Foreign Policy Soviet foreign policy also changed Gorbachev realized that the Soviet economy could not afford the costly arms race December 1987: Gorbachev & US President Ronald Reagan signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF) Treaty banned nuclear missiles with ranges of 300 to 3,400 miles 5