MOTIVATION “Our deepest fear is not that we are inadequate, our deepest fear is that we are powerful beyond measure…” -Marianne Williamson

DERMATOLOGY NOT DONE YET!

OTITIS EXTERNA An acute or chronic inflammatory disease of the external ear canal Clinical signs: ** Head rubbing or shaking Ear scratching Head tilt – with the affected ear tilted down Malodorous otic discharge (brown, greenish-yellow) Lichenification, hyperpigmentation, crusts, erythema and excoriations may be present Aural hematoma

OTITIS EXTERNA NOTE THE EXCESS BROWN EXUDATE ERYTHEMA, HYPERPIGMENTATION, LICHENIFICATION AURAL HEMATOMA

OTITIS EXTERNA PREDISPOSING FACTORS: Conformation Excessive moisture Heavy, pendulous ears Stenotic ear canals Ear hair Excessive moisture Frequent bathing or swimming Hypersensitivities Food allergy, atopy

OTITIS EXTERNA DIAGNOSIS: Otoscopic exam Clinical signs Cytology, ear smear Yeast, bacteria, cerumen, skin cells

OTITIS EXTERNA MALASSEZIA OTITIS Malassezia resemble footprints, bowling pins, or snowmen

OTITIS EXTERNA BACTERIAL OTITIS ROD-SHAPED BACTERIA AND A SKIN CELL

OTITIS EXTERNA TREATMENT Always treat the underlying condition if present Topical meds instilled daily Antibacterial, antifungal, or combination products often with steroids (otomax, tresaderm, baytril otic) Cleaning ears during treatment Surgical intervention may be required Aural hematoma Chronic conditions (Total Ear Canal Ablation)

TUMORS OF THE SKIN Tumors are a new growth of tissue characterized by progressive, uncontrolled proliferation of cells. Benign vs. Malignant Localized vs. Invasive Adenoma/Carcinoma vs. Sarcomas

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN HISTIOCYTOMA: small, button-like tumors that are usually pink, hairless, and raised. They are rapidly growing Common locations include the pinnae, head, and legs

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN HISTIOCYTOMA Occurs almost exclusively in young dogs <4yrs old DIAGNOSIS Appearance biopsy TREATMENT These tumors may spontaneously regress, but surgical excision is the treatment of choice ROUND CELL TUMOR

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN LIPOMA: tumor of the subcutaneous adipocytes (fat cells) that are typically freely movable and well-circumscribed Common in older, female, obese dogs DIAGNOSIS: Biopsy Fine needle aspirate

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN LIPOMA TREATMENT: Surgical excision Benign neglect lipocytes

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN PAPILLOMAS: wart-like growths that develop as smooth, white/pink/pigmented, elevated lesions in the oral cavity (oral papillomatosis) or on the skin (cutaneous papillomas) These growths are caused by a papillomavirus

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN PAPILLOMAS DIAGNOSIS: Appearance Biopsy TREATMENT Usually spontaneous regression Autogenous vaccine

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN SEBACEOUS GLAND CYSTS: Slow growing, encapuslated, round, and exude a gray, cheeselike material. Caused by degenerative changes in the glandular area surrounding the follicle. Common in cocker spaniels DIAGNOSIS Contents of the cyst histology TREATMENT Surgical removal of entire encapsulated cyst

BENIGN TUMORS OF THE SKIN SEBACEOUS CYSTS

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS FELINE VACCINE-INDUCED FIBROSARCOMAS: rapidly developing, highly invasive, malignant tumors that occur at the site of vaccination ~4-6 weeks later. VACCINES MOST COMMONLY IMPLICATED ARE THOSE WITH ADJUVANTS (substance that enhances the immune response by increasing the stability of a vaccine in the body) SUCH AS FeLV AND RABIES

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS DIAGNOSIS: Biopsy of fine needle aspirate Physical exam findings Swelling in area of recent vaccination Rapidly growing firm elongated mass

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS TREATMENT Radical surgical excision which may involve limb amputation is the treatment of choice CLIENT INFORMATION Poor prognosis if not detected early and treated aggressively Inflammatory lumps may do develop after vaccines but usually disappear within 1-2 weeks

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS FELINE VACCINE-ASSOCIATED SARCOMAS

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS MAST CELL TUMORS: firm nodules on the skin that may be ulcerated or edematous. Mast cells contain histamine and heparin

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATE OF MAST CELL TUMOR; NOTE THE NUMEROUS GRANULES

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS IN CATS, MAST CELL TUMORS ARE USUALLY BENIGN AND MAY SPONTANEOUSLY REGRESS

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS MAST CELL TUMOR TREATMENT PROGNOSIS Chemotherapy Radiation therapy BENADRYL H2 blockers to treat gastric ulceration and irritation PROGNOSIS Depends on biopsy “grading” results

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS MELANOMA (Benign or Malignant) BENIGN: small, slow growing, hairless, pigmented MALIGNANT: large, dome-shaped sessile +/- pigmentation Ex: Tumors of the oral cavity and digits Poor prognosis Metastasize readily Recurrence after surgery is common

MALIGNANT SKIN TUMORS TREATMENT INVOLVES SURGICAL REMOVAL AND POSSIBLY TREATMENT WITH THE MELANOMA VACCINE