"No one can make you feel inferior without your consent." 11/23/2018 Title: Biology 3/14/07 Objectives: To learn about the historical discoveries surrounding the genetic material, DNA. Class Topics Hand in W.S. Tuning in to radioisotopes Check Grade Sheets Review Chapter 9 Quiz 1 Review DNA structure & Photo 51 Notes – Chapter 9 "No one can make you feel inferior without your consent." Eleanor Roosevelt Friday, November 23, 2018 6:20 AM

Class Assignments W.S. Tuning in to Radioisotopes 3/14/07 11/23/2018 Class Assignments What By When W.S. Tuning in to Radioisotopes 3/14/07 Read 194-200 3/14/07 W.S. 9.2 3/16/07 Doublin’ DNA 3/16/07 Due this class period Due next class period Due in the future

11/23/2018 Grade Sheet 2A – p. 157 (5 pts.)

Rosalind Franklin 1951 - X-ray diffraction Maurice Wilkins 11/23/2018 Rosalind Franklin 1951 - X-ray diffraction Maurice Wilkins Suggested that DNA was two strands Tightly coiled helix Photo 51, flash

From: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/photo51/pict-01.html 11/23/2018 From: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/photo51/pict-01.html

11/23/2018 James Watson (American) and Francis Crick (British) discovered the shape and organization of DNA Double helix two strands sugar/phosphate backbone nitrogenous bases in middle Won Nobel Prize for DNA model with Maurice Wilkins Watson and Crick

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11/23/2018 DNA double helix (like a spiral staircase) is easily replicated (doubled) Occurs during S phase of cell cycle 1. Enzyme, DNA helicase, attaches to DNA molecule Hydrogen bonds between strands break (DNA unzips and unwinds) Forms replication forks Areas where the strands separate Replication (PBS)

11/23/2018 2. DNA polymerase bonds free nucleotides (floating in nucleus) to exposed nitrogen bases adenine to thymine & guanine to cytosine 3. Hydrogen bonds formed between nitrogen bases Proofreading DNA polymerase can go back and check for errors 1 error per 1 billion nucleotides Replication (DNAi)

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Lab – Doublin’ DNA Procedure 1 and 2 – cut out the nucleotides 11/23/2018 Lab – Doublin’ DNA Procedure 1 and 2 – cut out the nucleotides 3. Use the DNA strand GTCAACTG 4. Have work checked after #4 Pick up your homework W.S. when done.