Protista

Three Domains Fig 27.2

Tentative Phylogeny Fig 28.8

Phagocytosis Fig 8.19a Many protists engulf cells, debris (Food) by phagocytosis

Amoeba phagocytosis with pseudopodia

Endosymbiotic Origins of Eukarya

Protistan Systematics in flux Figs. 28.6; 28.7

Still need to account for: 9 + 2 flagella and cilia which are analogous to prokaryotic flagella The origins of mitosis and meiosis which also utilize microtubules

Origins of Mitosis Fig. 12.11

Archezoans may provide clues to early eukaryotes. These organisms have relatively simple cytoskeleletons and mitochondria Simplified mitochondria, without electron transport chains, Their ribosomes have some prokaryote characteristics They have two haploid nuclei ( no diploid stage)

Giardia - a diplomonad

Giardia Cyst

Figure 28.3 Protist diversity Fig. 28-03a Diplomonads Parabasalids Excavata Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Alveolates Ciliates Diatoms Chromalveolata Golden algae Stramenopiles Brown algae Oomycetes Chlorarachniophytes Forams Rhizaria Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Green algae Archaeplastida Figure 28.3 Protist diversity For the Cell Biology Video Demonstration of Chemotaxis, go to Animation and Video Files. Charophyceans Land plants Slime molds Amoebozoans Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Unikonta Fungi Opisthokonts Choanoflagellates Animals

Gymnamoeba Pseudopodia Ectoplasm, Endoplasm

Endoplasm Ectoplasm

Amoeba slide

Gymnamoeba

Entamoeba

Myxogastrida

Plasmodial Slime Molds

Dicyostelida

Cellular Slime Molds

Figure 28.3 Protist diversity Fig. 28-03a Diplomonads Parabasalids Excavata Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Alveolates Ciliates Diatoms Chromalveolata Golden algae Stramenopiles Brown algae Oomycetes Chlorarachniophytes Forams Rhizaria Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Green algae Archaeplastida Figure 28.3 Protist diversity For the Cell Biology Video Demonstration of Chemotaxis, go to Animation and Video Files. Charophyceans Land plants Slime molds Amoebozoans Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Unikonta Fungi Opisthokonts Choanoflagellates Animals

Excavata Chromalveolata Chlorarachniophytes Rhizaria Foraminiferans Fig. 28-UN3 Excavata Chromalveolata Chlorarachniophytes Foraminiferans Rhizaria Radiolarians Archaeplastida Unikonta

Foraminifera CaCO3 test Axopodia zooplankton

Foram slide

Foram tests

Actinopoda- (Radiolaria) SiO2 test Axopodia Zooplankton

Radiolarian (live) with axopodia

Radiolaria slide

Radiolaria close up

Figure 28.3 Protist diversity Fig. 28-03a Diplomonads Parabasalids Excavata Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Alveolates Ciliates Diatoms Chromalveolata Golden algae Stramenopiles Brown algae Oomycetes Chlorarachniophytes Forams Rhizaria Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Green algae Archaeplastida Figure 28.3 Protist diversity For the Cell Biology Video Demonstration of Chemotaxis, go to Animation and Video Files. Charophyceans Land plants Slime molds Amoebozoans Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Unikonta Fungi Opisthokonts Choanoflagellates Animals

Diplomonads Excavata Parabasalids Euglenozoans Fig. 28-03b Figure 28.3 Protist diversity

Kinetoplastida

Trypanosoma sp.

Trypanosoma in blood

Euglenophyta

Figure 28.3 Protist diversity Fig. 28-03a Diplomonads Parabasalids Excavata Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Alveolates Ciliates Diatoms Chromalveolata Golden algae Stramenopiles Brown algae Oomycetes Chlorarachniophytes Forams Rhizaria Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Green algae Archaeplastida Figure 28.3 Protist diversity For the Cell Biology Video Demonstration of Chemotaxis, go to Animation and Video Files. Charophyceans Land plants Slime molds Amoebozoans Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Unikonta Fungi Opisthokonts Choanoflagellates Animals

Alveolates

Ciliophora

Paramecia in yeast

Paramecia prepared slide

Paramecia conjugation slide

Didinium eating paramecia

Apicomplexa

White blood cells

Plasmodium slide

Oomycota Water “molds” Hyphae Diploid dominant Swimming zoospores Cellulose cell walls Saprobic & disease causing Potato blight Sudden Oak Death

Attacks goldfish

Saprolegnia

Figure 28.3 Protist diversity Fig. 28-03a Diplomonads Parabasalids Excavata Euglenozoans Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Alveolates Ciliates Diatoms Chromalveolata Golden algae Stramenopiles Brown algae Oomycetes Chlorarachniophytes Forams Rhizaria Radiolarians Red algae Chlorophytes Green algae Archaeplastida Figure 28.3 Protist diversity For the Cell Biology Video Demonstration of Chemotaxis, go to Animation and Video Files. Charophyceans Land plants Slime molds Amoebozoans Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Unikonta Fungi Opisthokonts Choanoflagellates Animals

Alveolates Chromalveolata Stramenopiles Fig. 28-03c Dinoflagellates Apicomplexans Alveolates Ciliates Diatoms Chromalveolata Golden algae Stramenopiles Brown algae Figure 28.3 Protist diversity Oomycetes

Chlorarachniophytes Rhizaria Forams Radiolarians Fig. 28-03d Figure 28.3 Protist diversity

Red algae Chlorophytes Green algae Archaeplastida Charophyceans Fig. 28-03e Red algae Chlorophytes Green algae Archaeplastida Charophyceans Land plants Figure 28.3 Protist diversity

Slime molds Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Unikonta Nucleariids Fungi Fig. 28-03f Slime molds Amoebozoans Gymnamoebas Entamoebas Nucleariids Unikonta Fungi Opisthokonts Figure 28.3 Protist diversity Choanoflagellates Animals

Diplomonads Excavata Parabasalids Kinetoplastids Euglenozoans Fig. 28-UN1 Diplomonads Parabasalids Excavata Kinetoplastids Euglenozoans Euglenids Chromalveolata Rhizaria Archaeplastida Unikonta