REMOVING SURFACE CONTAMINATES FROM SILICON WAFERS

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Presentation transcript:

REMOVING SURFACE CONTAMINATES FROM SILICON WAFERS Jed Johnson Brigham Young University

Reflectors in EUV range EUV range is about 100-1000Å General Challenges: - multilayers required - absorption - high vacuum needed Applications - XUV lithography - Soft x-ray microscopy - Astronomy Complex index of refraction: ñ=n+ik

Hydrocarbon Contaminants Airborne hydrocarbons accumulate on mirror surfaces.

Buildup Rates Spectroscopic Ellipsometry indicates the thickness of deposits.

Hydrocarbon Buildups Lower Reflectance Reduced Reflectance with Hydrocarbon Thickness. Theoretical change in reflectance vs. grazing angle and organic thickness. (at λ=40.0 nm)

Preparing a Standard Contaminant DADMAC (polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium chloride) is used as the standard contaminant which coats the surface. Salt concentration affects shielding and eventual thickness of DADMAC layer.

Four Methods of Cleaning Tested Opticlean® Oxygen Plasma Excimer UV Lamp Opticlean® + Oxygen Plasma

Opticlean® Procedure: Applied with brush, left to dry, peeled off (DADMAC comes too) Results: 2 nm polymer residue left (ellipsometry) XPS revealed the components of Opticlean® (F,O,Si,C), but not heavier metals used in thin films. Prominent thin-film lines: U-380 eV, V-515 eV, Sc-400 eV. No surface damage (SEM)

Oxygen Plasma Procedure Oxygen plasma is formed between two capacitor plates by inducing a radio frequency (RF) electric current across the plates. High energy ions mechanically break up molecular bonds of the surface molecules and blast them off surface. Atomic oxygen in the plasma readily reacts with the surface contaminants, breaking them up into smaller and more volatile pieces which easily evaporate.

Oxygen Plasma Results Contaminants are removed rapidly. Concerns: Top graph indicates increase in thickness over time… oxidation Bottom graph confirms growing layer is NOT hydrocarbons. There is no XPS carbon peak.

UV Lamp Theory High energy photons break up hydrocarbon bonds. Volatile fragments leave the surface. UV produces oxygen radicals which react with oxygen gas to form ozone. The reactive ozone oxidizes contaminants and they evaporate.

UV Results 4.5 Å DADMAC layer eliminated rapidly, followed by slow oxidation. XPS shows no carbon peak. Concern: silicon doesn’t appear to oxidize, but mirror coatings such as U and Ni do.

Opticlean® + Plasma Very effective: Removes both large and small particles. Drawback: Procedure is long and specialized equipment required.

Acknowledgements Ross Robinson Luke Bissell Richard Sandberg Mike Newey Dr. David D. Allred

Conclusions For rigorous cleaning, Opticlean® + Plasma is most effective UV Lamp shows potential for ease and quickness, but heavy oxidation can ruin surfaces Further Study: Which surfaces will oxidize (from UV) and how much?