Reproduction

Reproduction Sexual Reproduction Organisms produce new organisms like themselves Sexual Reproduction Two cells (gametes) involved and the two cells combine to form one cell (zygote) Two parents produce offspring that share characteristics of both parents Usually occurs in plants, animals, and most multicellular organisms

Benefits of Sexual Reproduction Produce offspring with genetic material from both parents which creates a great variety in the species More adaptations in species allow for greater adaptation to changes in the environment In species where males help raise the offspring, it is possible to produce more offspring with a greater chance of survival

Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction Organisms reproduce two times slower so it takes longer to build the population If a mate is not found, the female’s egg is wasted Parents often have to raise the offspring; offspring are not self-sufficient

Asexual Reproduction Reproduction in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent. It’s a clone. One cell is involved (mitosis)

Benefits of Asexual Reproduction Allow the plant to reproduce even when conditions are not right for seed germination Organisms can produce more offspring faster Population grows twice as fast; increasing the survival rate Parent does not waste time or energy looking for a mate

Disadvantage of Asexual Reproduction Organisms are identical so it is easy for them to get wiped out because they have the same genes Fewer adaptations because offspring are identical to the parent

Types of Asexual Reproduction Binary Fission Cell divides into two cells (amoeba & bacteria) Spores Plant cells grow new plants (fern)

Budding Regeneration Fragmentation A new organism grows from the body of the parent organism (hydra) Regeneration Part of an organism breaks off and then develops into a new individual identical to the parent (sea star) Fragmentation Very similar to regeneration, but is the main form of reproduction (flatworm) (add pictures of the hydra and the sea star)

Vegetative Propagation The production of plants from the parts of plants It does not involve the formation of flowers, seeds, or fruits The stem or root of the plant produces a new plant Examples: Tuber – potato Bulb – tulip Runner – strawberries Rhizome – iris; ginger Cutting – coleus Crown – asparagus

Glue in pictures of the types of vegetative propagation