Thermal Energy

Thermal Energy Temperature = the amount of energy in a system Hotter substances have more atomic movement and more energy Measured with a thermometer

Temperature Scales Celsius (metric) Kelvin Fahrenheit Designed so 0° is freezing point and 100° is boiling point of water Kelvin Based on absolute zero No negative temperatures Fahrenheit

First Law of Thermodynamics The total energy used in any process is conserved.

Second Law of Thermodynamics Thermal energy always moves from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.

Specific Heat The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 Kelvin. Good conductors= low specific heat (heat up quickly)

Energy = specific heat x mass x temperature change Specific heat can be used to figure out how much energy it takes to raise an object’s temperature Energy = specific heat x mass x temperature change Energy = cmΔT How much energy must be transferred as heat to 200 kg of water in a bathtub to raise the water’s temperature from 25°C to 37°C? (Specific heat of water = 4,186 J)