PPT REDOX solution stoichiometry non weak Acid/Base H+ OH- ( ) ( ) A.P. Chem. Structured Overview Chapter 4 titration solution stoichiometry volumetric gravimetric Making Reacting Solubility rules like dissolves like PPT Description What’s really present (the major species) Acid/Base Molec. (formula) (MaVa= MbVb) Analysis (stoich) Ionic Quantify (molarity) REDOX Net ionic Calculations (mol/L) Electrolytes (Arrhenius) oxidation states (M•V) moles process <<<<<<types>>>>>>> non weak strong agents mass of solute needed Special case Dilute (M1V1 = M2V2) Balance (in acidic or basic environment) Acids and Bases H+ OH-

* 7 multiple choice 4 equation writing 3 problem solving 1 short answer 1 bonus question (based on extra little things) Free Response * No Calculators on M.C. section; must use mental math How much of a 15 M solution would be needed to make 20.0 L of a 0.16 M sol’n? M1V1 = M2V2 ~100 15M (V) = 0.16M (20000.0 mL) V ≈ 200 mL

The distinctive odor of vinegar is due to acetic acid, HC2H3O2 The distinctive odor of vinegar is due to acetic acid, HC2H3O2. Acetic acid reacts with sodium hydroxide in the following fashion: HC2H3O2(aq) + NaOH(aq) → H2O(l) + NaC2H3O2(aq) Write the net ionic equation. If 2.50 mL of vinegar requires 34.9 mL of 0.0960 M NaOH to reach the equivalence point in a titration, how many grams of acetic acid are in a 1.00 qt. sample of vinegar? Weak acid HC2H3O2(aq) + OH-(aq) → H2O(l) + C2H3O2 -(aq) MaVa = MbVb Ma = 0.0960 mol 34.9mL = 1.34 mol ( ) ( ) L L 2.50 mL ( ) ( ) ( ) 1.34 mol 60.0 g 1 L = 75.8 g/qt L 1 mol 1.06 qts

Stibnite, (Sb2S3), is the most important ore containing antimony Stibnite, (Sb2S3), is the most important ore containing antimony. A sample of the ore was chemically treated to produce antimony (III) ions in solution. The antimony was oxidized to antimony (V) by adding 25.00 mL of 0.0233M KMnO4 solution. The excess KMnO4 was titrated with a 0.0843 M Fe2+ solution; 2.58 mL was required, producing Fe3+ and Mn2+ aqueous ions. All reactions were carried out in acidic solutions. Calculate the mass of the Sb in the sample. Mn2+ MnO4- Mn2+ Sb3+ Sb5+ Sb5+ Fe3+

Stibnite, (Sb2S3), is the most important ore containing antimony Stibnite, (Sb2S3), is the most important ore containing antimony. A sample of the ore was chemically treated to produce antimony (III) ions in solution. The antimony was oxidized to antimony (V) by adding 25.00 mL of 0.0233M KMnO4 solution. The excess KMnO4 was titrated with a 0.0843 M Fe2+ solution; 2.58 mL was required, producing Fe3+ and Mn2+ aqueous ions. All reactions were carried out in acidic solutions. Calculate the mass of the Sb in the sample. 8H+ + MnO4- + 5Fe2+ → Mn2+ + 4H2O + 5Fe3+ ( ) ( ) ( ) 0.0000435 mol MnO4-(extra) 2.58 mL Fe2+ 0.0843 mol 1 mol MnO4- = 1000 mL 5 mol Fe2+ ) ( ) ( 25.00 mL MnO4- 0.0233 mol = 0.000583mol MnO4-(total) 1000 mL ( ) ( ) 0.000540 mol MnO4- 5 mol Sb3+ = 0.00135 mol Sb3+ (ore) 0.000583mol (total) 2 mol MnO4- -0.0000435 mol (extra) 0.000540 mol MnO4-(used) ( ) ( ) 0.00135 mol Sb3+ 121.8 g Sb3+ = 0.164 g Sb3+ (ore) 1 mol Sb3+ 16H+ + 2MnO4- + 5Sb3+ → 2Mn2++ 8H2O + 5Sb5+

Keys to getting the math problems correct on the Multiple Choice section of AP Chemistry Tests without a calculator!!! Estimation – round values to numbers that are easy to work with and plug those into equations to estimate the answer. Do the simple arithmetic with pencil and paper. Look for simple relationships (factors of ten especially) Write out dimensional analysis setups…then look for simple relationships. Use Scientific Notation…then look for simple relationships. M1V1=M2V2 (pay attention to subscripts) Pay attention to underlined or italicized words. Keys to getting the math problems correct on the Multiple Choice section of AP Chemistry Tests without a calculator!!! Estimation – round values to numbers that are easy to work with and plug those into equations to estimate the answer. Do the simple arithmetic with pencil and paper. Look for simple relationships (factors of ten especially) Write out dimensional analysis setups…then look for simple relationships. Use Scientific Notation…then look for simple relationships. M1V1=M2V2 (pay attention to subscripts) Pay attention to underlined or italicized words. Keys to getting the math problems correct on the Multiple Choice section of AP Chemistry Tests without a calculator!!! Estimation – round values to numbers that are easy to work with and plug those into equations to estimate the answer. Do the simple arithmetic with pencil and paper. Look for simple relationships (factors of ten especially) Write out dimensional analysis setups…then look for simple relationships. Use Scientific Notation…then look for simple relationships. M1V1=M2V2 (pay attention to subscripts) Pay attention to underlined or italicized words. Keys to getting the math problems correct on the Multiple Choice section of AP Chemistry Tests without a calculator!!! Estimation – round values to numbers that are easy to work with and plug those into equations to estimate the answer. Do the simple arithmetic with pencil and paper. Look for simple relationships (factors of ten especially) Write out dimensional analysis setups…then look for simple relationships. Use Scientific Notation…then look for simple relationships. M1V1=M2V2 (pay attention to subscripts) Pay attention to underlined or italicized words.